My Experience At Wooster School - 947 Words

When work began on this I wasn’t sure of it’s purpose. Would I tell a grand story about how growing in a prep school can change someone for life? Would I illustrate the benefits, and shortcomings of this education; or, would it present itself as something entirely different? While unsure of direction, an obstacle formed. I spoke with friends of my idea to capture this journey we had shared and looked to them on guidance in ways to poise this account. During winter vacation of my sophomore year of college I was sitting with two of the greatest friends I’d met from this school. Sitting in my quaint colonial house a moment which was similar to many others swirled around us. Us a group of young Alumni were sitting in a round table laughing and crying over memories of our mysterious congregation across the brook. With these women I began to realize what this book would be. I set out to write a tribute and collection of wisdom and lessons I had collected during my time at Wooster School. The journey shared by my classmates is unique, and treacherous. Our stories should be looked at through a lens of humor and met with questions. We’ve had experiences unheard of amongst college peers. For this reason. I am choosing to share what went on beyond the cloistered moments of private schooling. â€Å"Make us Gentle, Generous, Truthful, Kind, and Brave.† This sentence from Wooster’s School prayer, along with a handful of other social, moral, and intellectual ideals are etched onto my soul.Show MoreRelatedThe Influence Of The Internet On Society901 Words   |  4 Pageslights. By looking at what we have accomplished, technology has greatly influenced society. If you were to ask me what piece of technology has greatly influenced my life in a positive, it would be the internet. This paper will discuss how the internet has influenced my life as well as society. If I’m going to tell you how the internet influenced my life, I will have to give you a brief history about how it all started. Today, many people think that the internet was invented in the mid 1990s, however, theRead MoreEssay on African American Athlete: Their Role in American Culture3741 Words   |  15 PagesAmerican athletes provided a spark of social and cultural change as America was at the emergence of the civil rights movement. Discrimination and segregation of African Americans had existed for generations. Whites and blacks were separated in schools, churches, on buses, in restaurants and on the playing fields. In the early 1900’s, there was not only continued bias towards African Americans; many lived in contiguous neighborhoods, minimizing interaction with other Americans. Sports where AfricanRead MoreAcl Injuries - Paper5186 Words   |  21 PagesHigh School Athletes†¦ Injury Prevention Zach Patinkin High School Athlete’s Injury Prevention Ever since I can remember, I have been playing sports. I played a sport each season and excelled in each sport I played, most likely due to a high level of coordination at a young age. Playing hockey and squash in the winter before middle school, soccer and football in the fall, and the best season of all due to the range of such high level sports, spring, in which I played baseball, lacrosseRead Morefacilitate group effectiveness Essay13244 Words   |  53 Pagesthe processes and outcomes experienced when a small group comes together. Konopka (1963) defines groupwork as a method of social work that is utilised in order to `help individuals to enhance their social functioning through purposeful group experiences, and to cope more effectively with their personal, group or community problems`. This definition shows a tradition within groupwork of helping individuals with problems. Brown provides a modernised and more comprehensive definition of group workRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36912 Words   |  148 Pagessufficiently large that it ensures that the bottleneck is never starved. Theoretically, the size of the buffer is determined as a trade-off between security versus lead-time. In practice, as was the case at Bal Seal, it is often determined from experience. At Bal Seal, the conversion to the theory of constraints went extremely smoothly and within three months the firm’s manufacturing performance had improved dramatically with overall production levels higher and production costs lower. As the firmRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36918 Words   |  148 Pagessufficiently large that it ensures that the bottleneck is never starved. Theoretically, the size of the buffer is determined as a trade-off between security versus lead-time. In practice, as was the case at Bal Seal, it is often determined from experience. At Bal Seal, the conversion to the theory of constraints went extremely smoothly and within three months the firm’s manufacturing performance had improved dramatically with overall production levels higher and production costs lower. As the firmRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesthis 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think this may even be my best book. The new Google and Starbucks cases should arouse keen student interest, and may even inspire another generation of entrepreneurs. A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years, for better or for

The Overall Purpose Of College Essay - 781 Words

The overall purpose of college is to help students find a career path that will lead to a successful, happy future. In other words, a job. It follows, then, that career services is the most important office on campus. Students who use career services can plan student loan borrowing based on future income, explore career opportunities during and after college and learn how to become the best possible marketable job candidates. Internship and job listings Colleges have databases of internships and job opportunities. These job banks are vital to a student’s job search prospects. However, I recommend appointments with career counselors at least once per semester to continue looking for internships and receiving guidance on which internships fit your skills at that moment. For instance, a student could not qualify for an internship in their sophomore year because they didn’t have the skills developed once they’ve completed coursework for that year. If he or she applied but didn’t talk to a career counselor, he or she would not know to reapply the following year. Beyond databases of interviews, companies will also come to campus to interview students for positions. The slots are filled at career services offices. Career guidance The other kind of career guidance is when a student really has no idea what they want to do with their lives. This is perfectly normal. That’s why changing majors at least once is common. I did. But a career counselor can help students arrange shadows butShow MoreRelatedMany students do not know what rhetoric means. Students know how to be persuasive when they are700 Words   |  3 Pagesknow how to be persuasive when they are writing. They also know how to write to a specific audience and purpose. However, students do not know how to give their writing a persona. In addition, students do not know their rhetorical choices and context can affect their writing. 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This acclimation involves becoming better acquainted with the other students, faculty members, campus culture, and academicRead MoreA Research Study On College Students1498 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships and how they work, there is a significant gap in the study of college students and how they view the importance of a committed relationship. With the appearance of this gap, I am doing my research in this field and on college aged students. The key concept when developing this study is how serious and committed relationships are built and treated among college students. This study will examine the way males and females in college perceive the importance of relationships and how they participateRead MoreBenefits and Disadvantages of an Online Class856 Words   |  3 Pagesthat the next time we meet in class will be in two weeks. I have to drop my paper in my instructor’s mailbox and email her to make sure she got my paper. 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Observational Skills Development System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Observational Skills Development System. Answer: Introduction: Strength of the team is that we have knowledge and skills of the functional part both in and out related to the project plan. We have good observational skills. We notice as well as analyze the project environments. We have improved our observational skills which allow us to listen and take proper better decisions. It raises the ability to communicate with others and respond to the proper manners. I have proper decision making skills which help me to take proper decisions regarding the work. All the members of the team are thinking positively for the project so that it helps to take good decisions regarding development of the proposed system for the job seeker platform. I have followed the instructions provided by the project supervisor. I have bit of ruthless which is one of the weakness while working into the project. Some of the members are not confident in their work so they are not sure whatever they do is right or wrong. As lot of pressure is created for this project, therefore we have to provide extra working hours to the plan. However, some of the members of the team are not willing to work extra time for the project. The project manager is not able to take timely decisions; therefore it takes some time for decision making. It results into project delay. The members are bad listener; therefore it fails to understand the opinions and requires setting up the team members. I have lack of skills to provide judgment to the team members. Even the team members are not able to guide each other. I have inability to know the individualities of the team members. There is lack of problem solving skills as well as knowledge of the team members. Even the team members have lack of knowledge to use of the Ms Project Software to plan the schedule as well as cost of the project. It results into delay of this particular plan. Role in the project and contribution into the project My role in the project is contributed for note taking. I have organized the meetings as well as supporting the research. Taking of the notes from the meeting is helped us to use the information into the project report in the future. I have done the project planning and identifying the planning phases. I have review as well as contribute towards the planning and reviewing with assessing of the project requirements. I have also designed of the project specifications so that we all can meet with the project requirements. I have contributed into the project to take notes on required information as well as data. I have conducted meetings with the project team members so that I can discuss the problems with others and mitigated them on time. I have setting up the project environment and assessing of the system administration. I have executed as well as supported the research, evaluated the outcomes and documents of the issues which are found into the project plan. I have monitored the proj ect document and environment, often use of tools, I have performed and gathered the performance metrics. During the project life cycle, I have review the work includes of project specifications, detection of the reports as well as project results. As a research student, I have observed and focused on the project deadlines, read the communications from the members of the team and taken responsibility into career development. I have complied relevant project requirements with respect to the intellectual property. While working into the project, I have selected SDLC methodology. Proper planning is needed for the early stages of this particular methodology. I have conducted the requirement analysis and design the system by use of business case analysis and then begin to draft of the project plan. As the project is based on development of the campaign management system, therefore I have started to develop the business cases and final the plan of the project. I have prepared training documentations for the members which help them in the project plan. Finally, I have tested the production problems into the project plan. I have performed the discussion meeting, designed and developed the planning steps involved with the preparation of the project data. I write the business cases, prepare of the end user documents for the project stakeholders. I have also participated into the business cases and then review of the project activities. I have participated into the preparation of the plan, performed th e functional as well as non-functional of the campaign management system. Finally, I have tracked the defects into detection management system. Things that went well in the project The team members have handled all the project work accurately. The members identified the risks and mitigated them on time. They have managed the risk. The project manager at the planning process produced the risk log with the action plan for risks that the project is faced. The key stakeholders of the project are aware of the risk log. The team members can quickly resolve of the issues with management plan to set into the place. It provides confidence when the project risks are faced and helped the clients to feel comfortable with the progression of the project work. I have used of a proper risk assessment plan to identify the risks, its impacts, level of risks and mitigation steps to overcome with the issues. When the project does not have project closure, then it consists of the potential to continue with the customers resources. The project team members are agreed with the customers that all the critical success factors should require to met. There should be confirmation of the d elivery of the project; and also release should be signed off. The entire team members should pay attention to the key factors which will help to lead the project towards its success. The main responsibility of the project manager is to plan the project properly so that there are no such risks raised into the project. Therefore, a manager should always be focused towards planning all the project activities so that we can meet with the estimated project schedule. With use of the Ms Project Software, we have estimated the time for each project activities including the resources and cost for each individual project tasks. Use of this particular software helps us a lot into this project. Management of the time is most important so that we can process the project plan and control it over the time as well as cost. Proper following of the time help into increment, productivity and in addition to profitability of the job seeker platform into the marketplace. It becomes a good project for the job seekers. Time will enable all the team members to work as per the scheduled time. Whenever when there is delay into the project plan, and then instantly the project manager is inf ormed about the changes into the schedule. I have followed all the procedures and policies of the organization so that we can successfully work for the project. Project issues and overcome it There are issues of strategic risks which result into errors in the strategy, such as selection of the technology that are not made to the project work. The project manager and other team members should take proper strategic steps to develop the campaign management system for the job seeker platform. It will help the platform to raise their productivity and compete into the marketplace of similar platform. There are also operational issues into the plan which includes of risks due to poor implementation as well as process issues. It includes of production, distribution as well as procurement of the project related resources as well as equipments. The project manager should plan the project work properly which includes of proper procurement with distribution of the resources on time. Schedule risk is most common in this plan as the project activities are taking longer time as expected. There is slippage into the project schedule results into increase of cost, delay of the receipt of t he project benefit with loss of the competitive advantages. The issues of schedule and cost, performance issues create lot of consequences for this particular project plan. There are also inaccuracy of the assessment of project related cost includes of all possible project tasks. Change into the scope of the project is also a high risk as the change into the project requirements lead to change in the time of the entire project plan. The project manager introduces the features of the proposed system to the client so that before implementation of the system, the client and provide their feedback. The changes are required to b done on time; otherwise it would hamper the success and profitability of the project plan. Factors not under control in the project I have decided two task requirements which are not under the control inside the project arrangement. Initial one is the project cost. In a portion of the circumstances, the project supervisor cannot appraise the vulnerabilities related with the project arrangement. It will cause increment in time and cost which comes about into postponement of undertaking design. I have isolated the estimation vulnerabilities from the assets put aside for the specific purposes such as contingency plan. The contingency plan is the fund used to actualize the solicitations for the difference in scope while it is the assets react to characterized possibility of issues. Time and also cost is the fundamental concern of undertaking support when the task is not able for meeting the desires of project stakeholders. The second is quality which is centered on the nature of the expectations. At the point when the items are not giving adaptability and guaranteeing that it is working appropriately, at that point i t ends up noticeably one of the under control factor of the undertaking. This task work is running late and over spending plan, at that point the project manager ought to convey the normal things yet they are not appropriately tried because of cost overrun as well as delay into design. Again start of the project and different factors In the event that I have the opportunity to begin the project design once more, at that point at first I might want to anticipate the conceivable risks previously begin to work into the arrangement which can cause the failure of the project. I would likewise take proposals of the project administrator to overcome with the issues previously it would hamper the adequacy, benefit as well as additionally profitability of the project work. I should concentrate on chance resistances of the partners to characterize the dangers. I should worry about the dangers which would give positive and additionally negative effect of the task. I should concentrate on the provider hazard which has budgetary issues. The effect is that we are not conveying the items on time. Some of the time, delay in conveyance of the items result into delay into whole project design. I should concentrate on the task control as information gathering and administration forms are utilized to predict and impact time and cost anticipated results. Effective interaction is required for taking of appropriate choices with respect to the undertaking design. I should utilization of project control instruments which enable us to spare time and remain with the task to plan amid execution and cut of the undertaking cost. Conclusion It is concluded that the team members can able to resolve of the risks and also issues with management plan to set into the project plan. The project team members are decided with the clients that all the critical success factors should necessitate to met. Time will facilitate all the team members to effort as per the planned time. Whenever when there is interruption into the project arrangement, and then instantaneously the project manager is knowledgeable about the modifications into the time. Ms Project software is helpful for the team members to schedule the plan, allocate the resources and estimate the time for all project tasks.

Hermaphroditic Joyce By Dante Essay Example For Students

Hermaphroditic Joyce By Dante Essay Dantes The Hermaphroditic Joyce One of the most powerful nuances ofany writing is the dialogue within the story. In literature, it is all too oftenthat characters live only in the jaded voice of the author and never trulydevelop as their own, or are not strongly opinionated in a manner whichcontrasts the opinions of the writer. It is also unfortunately true that thewomen depicted in most male-authored literature do not often sound realistic, orhow most women one would speak to in the course of the day tend to sound. Alltoo often, women are depicted on a lower level of speech than men. For instance,Dickens and Arthur Miller both apparently subscribed to this notion, as thewomen in their stories were usually more passive, and not as elaborate as men intheir speech, however, James Joyce did not see things in the same light. Themost developed female character in Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a YoungMan, is one who speaks with dignity, passion, and the female tact which is alltoo often ignored in the ch aracters of women. Joyces Dante Riordans words andthoughts are true to those of literate twentieth century women. Although ashort-lived character in Portrait, Dante Riordan, in a brief amount of timeemits an apparently important and mysterious aura, the aura of a woman. Judgingfrom the studies of twentieth century linguists, Joyces brief representation ofDante through speech is nearly flawless. To more lucidly understand this, onemust carefully examine some of the instances at which Dante speaks in herconversation with Mr. and Mrs. Dedalus, Charles, and Mr. Casey, and re-examinethe arguments she makes. Dante is introduced into the dinner table conversationas a silent character. However, when the mens conversation turns to the misuseof the preachers pulpit, Dante begins her interjections. All too often, womenin literature remain linguistically dormant unless called upon, however, studiesconducted in the reality outside the covers of a book have shown that women willinterrupt a conversation to contradict a previous speaker, and do so vehemently(Coates, 193). A nice answer for any man calling himself a catholic to give tohis priest, (Joyce, 273) states Dante as her first response. At this point,Dante has drawn herself into the conversation. Never speaking out of turn (aslinguists are always quick to point out about women), Dantes next few lines areresponses to the rebuttals of Mr. Dedalus and Mr. Casey. In these lines, shedefends priests in that it is their duty to teach, warn, and direct theirflocks. According to the findings of most linguists, strong beliefs in religionand authority are held by women, and a desire to speak in favor of them isinherent to feminine nature. The bishops and priests of Ireland have spoken, andthey must be obeyed (Joyce, 274). Linguist, Jennifer Coates states thatwoman-speak is revolved around power, and, as Dante illustrates in this quote,that womens conversational style, and topics of interest will usually besubconcious admittances to the idea that women must obey men, and remainsocially submissive (Coates, 203). Joyces realistic portrayal of Dante does notend there, however. In studying the findings of linguists, it becomes clear thatduring the Renaissance, it was proper for a woman to be silent and a man to beeloquent. However, the increased level of female literacy in the late nineteenthand early to present twentieth century, changed this philosophy, and it is nowexpected that women be just as, if not more eloquent than men. As Dantecontinues her conversation, she quotes the Bible in response to the ongoingattacks of the men at the dinner table in the presence of women and a child: Woebe to the man by whom the scandal cometh! It would be better for him that amillstone were tied about his neck and that he should scandalise one of these,my least little ones. (Joyce, 274) Even today, it is rare in literature to finda woman allude to, let alone directly quote literature as a witty response to averbal assault. Women have an instinctive shrinking from coarse and grossexpressions and a preference for refined and (in certain spheres) veiled andindirect expressions (Coates, Jesperson, 126). .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 , .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 .postImageUrl , .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 , .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839:hover , .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839:visited , .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839:active { border:0!important; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839:active , .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839 .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u35522af08be2dac8187b68e801ec4839:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Judge Declares Microsoft A Monopoly Essay What better way is there todescribe Dante Riordan? Her primary reason for involving herself with theconversation from the start is the vile blasphemy at hand. Of her sixteen turnsin the conversation,

ASSIGNMENT EIGHT 2 Example

ASSIGNMENT EIGHT 2 Example ASSIGNMENT EIGHT 2 – Coursework Example According to Thomas Dublin, the changes in the textile mills which included reduction of wages and increase in the pace of work made women to reconsider protest as the only way of saving themselves from oppressions. This is evidenced by their involvement in strike between 1834 and 1836 which quested to protest against wage cuts. Between 1843 and 1848, the women protested against the long working hours in the mills; they campaigned towards ensuring the working hours have been reduced (Richter 11). The North and South varied in diverse ways. For instance, it is evident that the number of middleclass people was greater in the North than in the South. It is also evident that the North majored in industrialization as well as small farming whereas the South was agriculturists who relied entirely on the labor offered by slaves (Lasser and Robertson 343). Additionally, education was highly valued in the North than in the South; majority of the Northerners were literate. These variations wer e among the reasons that made slavery to be highly practiced in the South than in the North. Additionally, these variations enhanced reduction of manual labor (slavery) as well as labor costs in the North. It is also evident that literacy enhanced change of oppressive working conditions in the North. In the South, where slavery was highly practiced, black women worked on not only mines, but also cotton farms as tillers. Unlike black women, white women participated in home chores as housewives (Smith 6). Additionally, it is evident that some white women were barred by their husbands from doing domestic works at the cost of the blacks. Unlike the white women in the South, majority of the white women in the North played a very significant role in the maintenance of the industries. Lasser, Carol and Robertson, Stacey. Antebellum Women: Private, Public, Partisan American Controversies. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013. Print.Richter, William. Historical Dictionary of the Old South. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013. Print.Smith, Andrea. Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy. Rethinking Women of Color Organization. 22 June 2014.

Industrial Revolution2 essays

Industrial Revolution2 essays The Industrial Revolution was under way 1st in Britain and wasn't possible without coal. Every 3rd year the farmers believed that they had to leave their field fallowed so the soil won't wear out. In 1730 Charles Townshend discovered that fields did not had to be left fallowed, if farmers would rotate the crops. Charles suggested to grow wheat or barely and then the next year grow clover or turnips. Clover and turnips provided excellent feed for cattle. Jethro Thull developed a seed drill that planted seeds in straight rows. This was a big improvement over the old method of scattering seeds at random, which made fields a tangle of crop and weeds. In the 1700's farmers began to use iron plows instead of wood plows. In 1800's wealthy landowners used mechanical reapers and threshers which increased production. The Enclosure Movement Since the Middle Ages farmers worked small strips of land in scattered fields. The razed their animals and gathered timber on public lands. In the 1500's wealthy landowners began claiming the right to these public lands. This made agriculture more efficient because the wealthy had more land to experience with new crops. Smaller farmers were then driven right out of a job. With more food lead to better health and rapid growth. The demand for manufactured goods was now high. Inventions went off right and left. In 1733, John Kay invented the Flying Shuttle. This replaced the handheld shuttle for weaving. It sped up the weaving process. Soon they were using thread faster than produced. In 1764, James Hargreaves developed the Spinning Jenny. It had several spindle on a single wheel. In 1769, Richard Arkright built the Water Frame it could hold up to 100 spindles. It was too heavy to be operated by hand so it was ran by water power. 10yrs later Samuel Crompton developed the Spinning ...

International Defense Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Defense Profile - Essay Example Topics of defence policies, weapons superiority, and military paradigms are currently being addressed while the traditional models are set aside (Markert & Backer, 2003). Essentially, the United States is forecasting a situation where it will be forced to battle for power with emerging Third World Powers through the design of weapons and use of contemporary military technologies. In the Contemporary global society, developing nations are armed with the state of the art armaments. These include increased use of proliferated Chemical Weapons, availability of ballistic and cruise missiles, nuclear weapons capacity, high-performance aircrafts and submarines. It, therefore, shows that more nations are becoming  fatal in the battlefields. It is, therefore, critical to ponder the implication of the coming Gulf War, current terrorism war and Russian military resurgence (Markert & Backer, 2003). Recently, national security has been used as a justification for enormous government expenditures; therefore, the government has procured and developed weapons systems and armaments. There are various rationales for the establishment and massive investment in new weapons and military forces. First, military forces are used for the defense, therefore, need to direct investment to reduce damages and prevent attacks by the opponents (Markert & Backer, 2003). In addition, modern nuclear weapons have become highly sophisticated that it can cause massive damages to the enemy. These defensive mechanisms may also involve the employment of counterforce targeting which means aiming at opponent’s military forces specifically at strategic nuclear forces. It may also involve counter-value targeting that uses a particular program to point at weapons placed at softer targets for instance in industrial facilities, economic enterprises and populated urban centers (Markert & Backer, 2003).

Program development and director Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Program development and director - Article Example Moreover, her family even up to today were not properly compensated financially for her own contribution to the fields of science and medicine; justice demands her family members should have received some form of financial aid to satisfy the requirement of â€Å"fairness in distribution.† Informed consent refers to the process of giving consent (or agreeing to something) to a proposed research study and these potential human subjects for the intended experiment be given an opportunity to decide or choose what shall or shall not happen to them. The consent process consists of three basic elements which are information, comprehension, and voluntariness. It is a crucial step to properly document this process to show that informed consent was properly given and properly obtained, that consent was voluntarily and freely given (Elliott, 2006). The process of informed consent should be different if the participants have only a fifth grade education because it will entail using simple words in plain language to explain to the participants all the information. The aim of this additional obligation is to make it comply with the requirement of comprehension and adapt to the subjects capacities (Belmont Report, 1979). Belmont Report (1979, April 18). Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. U. S. Department of Health & Human Services. Retrieved June 04, 2014 from http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont/html Elliott, M. M. (2006). Research without consent or documentation thereof. In E. A. Bankert & R. J. Amdur (Eds.), Institutional review board: Management and function (pp. 216-221). Sudbury, MA, USA: Jones & Bartlett

HIV in Humanitarian Contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HIV in Humanitarian Contexts - Essay Example The outcome is the need to stop HIV and to assist those which are a threat to the health of others continues to increase while PLHIV treatments are in need of reaching larger groups of individuals (Smith, 2010). The need to approach this issue is one which is based on responding to emergency situations as well as considering the growing numbers of individuals who are in need of treatment that have PLHIV. The needs to assist those who have PLHIV are continuing to increase not only from the responses which are required to emergency situations or the spread of the disease in specific regions because of the lack of resources. It is also noted that there are humanitarian needs associated with various regions. The concept of humanitarian responses is one which is associated with responding to vulnerable groups and ensuring that resilience can be built in situations because of the services provided. The humanitarianism which is provided first takes place in emergency situations in which an outbreak or other problem arises. There are also some specific concepts which are linked to assisting vulnerable groups because of culture, available resources and service provisions which combine with food, education and sanitation methods (Okal, Bergmann, 2007). Examining the humanitarian methods and designs, gaps that are associated with the needs in various communities and the way in which these can be reconsidered develops a stronger understanding of what is needed to assist those suffering from PLHIV. This research study will examine the current status of humanitarian efforts, how this is creating changes or gaps in providing assistance for PLHIV as well as how different designs can create stronger responses to those who are suffering from PLHIV. By examining these various associations with humanitarian responses, there will be the ability to identify the gaps in assisting those with PLHIV as well as understanding how designs can be changed to assist communities in need of hum anitarian assistance. Methodology The methodology that will be used will consist of two main studies that will define the needs for those suffering from PLHIV and the humanitarian responses that are required. The first is a review of existing literature. This will examine various statistics from specific organizations which have designs and methods for assisting those who have PLHIV. This will also consist of other pertinent literature that is based on the current understanding of how to respond to outbreaks and what this means to those who are in specific settings. The research methodology will be combined with communication through questionnaires. This will be sent to offices in various regions around the globe. The objective of these questionnaires will be to look at the designs which are currently used to respond to PLHIV in various regions as well as what the strengths and weaknesses of the design are. By examining these various types of responses, conclusions can be drawn whic h relate to the gaps in designs which are used to respond to the needs of PLHIV in a humanitarian context. Special Needs of PLHIV in Humanitarian Contexts The first concept which is associated with PLHIV in human context is based on the vulnerabilities which are established in responding to specific needs. The risk for HIV is known to be a main factor in specific areas that lack infrastructure

A study on the britvic group

A study on the britvic group The Britvic Group was established in 1986 by Bass, Whitebread and Allied Breweries. The three merged their respective soft drinks businesses to form Britannia Soft Drinks Limited. And now Britvic is the parent company of Britannia Soft Drinks Limited. Britivic was originally established to act as the soft drinks supplier to the pub estates of these three shareholders. Britvic finished the acquisition of the brand like Tango, Robinsons, Orchid Drinks, Red Devil brand, water source one after another. The company cooperates with Pepsi and enters into an exclusive bottling arrangement for Pepsi and 7up in Great Britain. And Distribution of Lipton Ice Tea in Great Britain awarded to Britivic in 2009. Britivic becomes an independent company by listing in the London Stock Exchange in 2005. And the company has become one of the two leading soft drinks businesses in Great Britain. Successful new products developments, like J2O and Fruit Shoot, make Britvic become the largest supplier of brand ed still soft drinks, the faster growing category in the soft drinks market, while remaining the number two supplier of branded carbonates. The Britvic Group operates in Great Britain and Ireland.The Company finishes acquisition of a soft drinks business in Ireland on 29 August 2007 ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. In 2006, Britvic sold 1.4 billion liters of soft drinks in hundreds of different flavors, shapes and sizes and delivers to over 4,000 customers and approximately 200,000 points of distribution. The company turnover around  £680 million a year, and the company have approximately 2,700 employees based either at the main offices in Chelmsford and Solihull or at one of seven factories and network of depots around the country ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2006 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. For the GB soft drink take home market, the main market players are Coca-cola Enterprises, Britivic, GlaxoSmithKline, Danone, and Tropicana. For the GB soft drink licensed on-trade market, the main market players are Coca-cola Enterprises, Britivic, Redbull. The Britvic Group has strong market positions. The GB soft drink take home market share is around 11% in year 2006, 2007, 2008, and in 2009 that number up to 12%. The total sale of the soft drink take home is around 6billion a year. The GB soft drink licensed on-trade market share is 44% in year 2006 and 2007, 45% in year 2008, and the number up to 48% in year 2009. The total sale of the soft drink licensed on-trade is around 2.3billion a year. From the date above, we can see that Britvic Group has solid and strong market position, and the market share is increased moderately. Market share positions products Take home Licensed on-trade Total sales Market share Total sales Market share 2006 ( £5.8bn) 11% ( £2.3bn) 44% 2007 ( £6.0bn) 11% ( £2.4bn) 44% 2008 ( £6.1bn) 11% ( £2.3bn) 45% 2009 ( £6.1bn) 12% ( £2.4bn) 48% Source: Summarized from Britvic plc Annual Report 2006,2007,2008,2009 For Ireland market, the Britvic Ireland is Ireland second largest branded soft drinks business by volume. Britvic Ireland has similar brand and category profile to Britvic GB, and sold 253 million liters in the year to September 2008. Britvic Ireland have around 800 employees, one carbs/stills factory, one water factory and two distribution centers ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. The soft drink take home market share of the company is around 29%, and the soft drink Licensed on-trade market share is around 37% ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. The company has grown market share and revenue across all of the categories with a strong performance, despite difficult trading conditions. The Britvic cooperate with recycling companies in the UK to introduce plastic bottles containing PET which has been recycled from British households. Currently recycled material is made from imported material. The main commodity price risk arises in the purchases of prime materials, being PET, sugar, cans and frozen concentrated orange juice. Where it is considered commercially advantageous, the group enters into fixed price contracts with suppliers to hedge against unfavourable commodity price changes. Financial analyses Financial date 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total asset  £492.4M  £467.1 M  £694.6M  £741.1M  £853.5M Total Liabilities  £470.2M  £524.8M  £690.3 M  £732.0 M  £856.0 M Interest bearing loans and borrowings  £301.8M  £233.2M  £414.3M  £430.9 M  £450.7 M Debit ratio 95.5% 110.2% 99.3% 98.7% 100.2 % Total Revenue  £695.8M  £677.7M  £716.3M  £926.5 M  £978.8 M Operating profit  £73.3M  £73.7M  £80.0M  £96.7M  £110.1 M Full year dividend 10.0p 11.0p 12.6p 15.0p Earnings Per share 18.5p 18.4p 20.4p 24.8p 29.9p Free cash flow  £(10.3)m  £48.9m  £65.3m  £66.2m  £69.7m Source: Summarized from Britvic plc Annual Report 2006,2007,2008,2009 A. Gearing Gearing is a measure of financial leverage, demonstrating the degree to which a firms activities are funded by owners funds versus creditors funds. The best known examples of gearing ratios include the debt-to-equity ratio (total debt / total equity), and debt ratio (total debt / total assets). Then we choose the debt ratio to measure the financial leverage. The debt ratio of the company is 95.5% in 2005, 110.2% in 2006, 99.3% in 2007, 98.7% in 2008, and 100.2% in 2009. And the debt ratio of company is around 100% in the five financial years. To some extent, the high debt ratio is risky for the company. So we can see that the company greatly relies on borrowing to support operation. Britvic Group with high gearing is more vulnerable to downturns in the business cycle because the company must continue to service its debt regardless of how bad sales are. And the interest bearing loans and borrowings is the main component of the liability, and the Proportion is 64.1% in 2005, 44.4% in 2 006, 60.0% in 2007, 58.8% in 2008, and 53.0% in 2009. So we can see that the company greatly relies on borrowing to support operation. Britvic Group with high gearing is more vulnerable to downturns in the business cycle because the company must continue to service its debt regardless of how bad sales are. If the loan interest rate is higher than Margin, the company should reduce the loans and borrowings in the coming financial years and enhance the capacity of managing liquidity risk. B. Cash flow Free cash flow is the amount of cash that a company has left over after it has paid all of its expenses, including investments. It is considered to be a proper indicator of a companys financial health. The amount of free cash flow of Britvic Group is negative in year 2005, and it becomes active since 2006, Chief Executive Paul Moody (2006) said that full deployment of both SAP and Siebel software has enabled us to reduce the demand on working capital and so improve our free cash flow. As we can see from the table, the number is increasing year by year, and reaches  £69.7m in year 2009. The enough cash flow indicates that the solvency of the company. And the good performance of the revenue and operating profit contribute to the free cash flow increase. The company overhead cost savings achieved through a range of initiatives including centralization and automation of indirect procurement. The revenue and the operating profit are both increasing for 5 financial years. Comparing with year 2007, the operating profit in 2009 is up by 20.8%, the revenue in 2008 is up by 29.3%. Although during the economic recession, Comparing with year 2008, the operating profit in 2009 is up by 13.8%, the revenue in 2009 is up by 5.6%. We can expect that the trend of the profit in future is promising. C. Earning per share and dividend policy Because the operating profit is increasing, the Earning per share increases moderately during the 5 financial years. The EPS is 18.5pence in year 2005, 18.4pence in year 2006, 20.4pence in year 2007, 24.8pence in year 2008, 29.9pence in year 2009. And compare with year 2008, the EPS increased by 20.5% in year 2009. And the company spent about 50% EPS to the shareholders. Full year dividend of the company is also increases moderately with EPS year by year. The full year dividend per share is 10.0pence in year 2006, 11.0pence in year 2007, 12.6pence in year 2008, 15.0pence in year 2009.That indicates Britvic Groups strong capacity to earn profit. And that can consolidate the confidence of the shareholders, also helps company financing through issuing shares other than loans and borrowings. SWOT analyses A. Strength In the past, the company focused on acquisition. Through finishing the acquisition of the brand like Tango, Robinsons, Orchid Drinks, Red Devil brand, water source one after another, Britvic Group develop quickly. The Britvic Group has a clear strategy for growth now. First, the company support and grow the core brands like Pepsi, fruit shoot, tango, Robinsons, j2o, 7up; second the company support the new band for tomorrow like drench, Gatorade, Pepsi raw, V water, Lipton iced tea; third, the company try to improving free cash flow and margins; fourth, the company try to operate internationally and expand into Europe. The acquisition of a soft drinks business in Ireland on 29 August 2007 represented an important step in the strategic development of Britvic ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2007 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. And also the company focused on innovation. In 2008, the company launches two innovations Gatorade and Drench, and both have performed extremely well. The company promotes healthy lifestyle and provides a wide variety of soft drinks to meet customers needs, helping them make informed choices, marketing the drinks responsibly and promoting health, wellbeing and nutrition. As we discussed above, the Britvic Group holds strong market positions in Great Brittan and Ireland. And in this area, the customers like the brands of the company. Britvic have lots distribution within the Great Britain soft drinks market, and the distribution net are nearly every where in the country. And the company also holds good relationship with the resource suppliers. From the balance sheet, the trade and other payables is  £244.3 m in 2008,  £291.6 m in 2009 ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2009 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °, indicate that the Britvic has good reputation and the resource suppliers provide credit to the Britvic. B. Weakness Although the Britvic Group operates well in Great Britain and Ireland, compare with the transnational corporation in this industry like coca-cola enterprises, the size and the market of the Britvic is relatively limited. During the international development, the Britvic Group pays less attention to the local culture. That means in different area, an international company should operate locally. And in Ireland market, there are Category gaps, and the Britvic should launch more brands in Ireland market. And the Britvic Group has lots of brands, and that increase the difficult of operation. The marketing section have to focus the brands separately, that is really a challenge for the company. From the financial analyses, the debt ratio of the company is relatively high. And that indicate the company is prefer financing by borrowings and loans, and that may let the company in a risky conditions and may be more vulnerable to downturns in the business cycle. C Opportunity Over the next 20-25 years, the British population is expected to reach 70m from the current population of around 60m, and that indicates a growing market for the company ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2008 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. Comparing with the past generation, Younger generations drink more purchased soft drinks less tea, coffee, alcohol, dairy drinks and tap water. European fast food culture and the carbonated drinks quite fit. So the company should seize the opportunity to launch more innovations to attract the new generation, Now the consumers pay more attention to healthy lifestyle, and that also provides a good opportunity for the company. The Britvic should launch more unique products to cultivate the customer loyalty. The company penetrate into European counties gradually, The Britvic Launch in-market activities in Holland, strong Robinsons squash activity in the Nordics, and Fruit Shoot in Sweden. The company also penetrates to Turkey and Bulgaria market. The company has new travel contracts in the airline and shipping sectors. And through the already successful Britvic International business, the company should explore ways to extend the availability of Britvics wholly-owned brands worldwide through franchising arrangements. D. Threat For the soft drink market in Great Britain and Ireland, there full of competition. Besides Britvic, for the GB soft drink take home market, the main market players are Coca-cola Enterprises, Britivic, GlaxoSmithKline, Danone, and Tropicana. For the GB soft drink licensed on-trade market, the main market players are Coca-cola Enterprises, Britivic, Redbull. In year 2009, the GB soft drink take home market share of Britvic is 12%, and the Coca-cola Enterprises market share is 27% ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2009 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. The number of market share of Britvic in Europe almost increase a little. And for the global economic conditions, the 2008 crisis let the economy into recession. Lots of consumers is lost their job and in debt. So for the European market, also go through recession. How to conquer the recession, and hold the market position, is a challenging work to do for Britvic. Also the company faces financial risk that includes commodity price risk, interest rate risk, exchange rate risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. And the company operate internationally in the future will face the political and country risk. Risk management A. Foreign currency risk management Foreign currency risk is related to exposure to fluctuations to the sterling-US dollar and sterling-euro exchange rate. The group operates in euro-denominated countries and finances these partly through the use of foreign currency borrowings. Additionally cash generation from euro-denominated operations can be utilized to meet euro payment obligations in sterling denominated companies, providing a natural hedge. The group also has transactional exposures, which are from purchases of prime materials or commercial assets in currencies. Such purchases are made by euros and US dollars. On 27 September 2009, through forward foreign exchange contracts, the company hedged 48% of forecast exposures 12 months in advance, and the number in 2008 is 71% ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2009 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. Where funding is raised in a currency other than the currency ultimately required by the Britvic, cross currency interest rate swaps are used. That can convert the cash flows to the required currency. These swaps have the same duration and other critical terms as the underlying borrowing. B. Country and Political risk management More and more countries in Europe pay more attention to the environment protection. If a company without awareness of that may face the risk of local government regulations. And Britvic has adopted an Environmental Management System which is certified to the international standard ISO 14001. The company also use recycled materials for packaging. Conflict between employer and employees in Europe market is a risk faced by any company. The strike of the employee can hinder the normal productions, so Britvic pay more attention to the employ welfares. And Britvic has reduced its accident frequency rate by 68% over the last 5 years ¼Ã‹â€ Britvic plc. 2009 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. Recommendations A. International strategy Based on Great Britain, the Britvic should target broad market. The company should walk out the Europe gradually. Through the already successful Britvic International business, the company should explore ways to extend the availability of Britvics own brands worldwide through franchising and licensing. Britvic also should target the emerging Asian market like China, India and so on. The population of China is largest in the world, and the new generation prefers soft drinks to traditional tea. So the company can competes with coca-cola in China market with the unique brand of healthy lifestyle. During the international development period, the company should learn the local culture first, and launch special designed products to the local market. That means operate locally. B. Qualified personnel and Innovation In the past, the company achieves success through innovation. The Britvic group should keep the spirit of innovation, and win more property right in the design of products. That is the winning points of the company for the future development. And the human resource sector should prepare qualified personnel for the group future construction.

The Complex Process of Selecting a Pair of Shoes Essay -- Research Ess

The Complex Process of Selecting a Pair of Shoes I plan to prove that the majority of people that invest money into footwear do so because of style. People usually don’t choose a pair of shoes because of comfort, color, or any other means at all. They usually base their decision of purchasing a pair of shoes on style. There are three tools that I will use during this experiment that will help me out. These tools will be comprised of surveys, interviews, and observations. Through survey’s I will have a sheet of paper with approximately eight questions on it. These questions range from the subjects personal preference when it comes to purchasing a pair of shoes. Whether they do it for comfort, style, color, work related, price, or even none of the above at all, to how many pairs of shoes that these individuals currently own. This will give me a general idea of what goes through peoples minds when they purchase a pair of shoes. Then I will use my observation skills. I plan to sit in the mall since it’s t he best public place for this experiment, and observe what brand, color, and style of footwear the general public wear. I will more than likely sit in front of Finish Line since they are one of the major footwear sales stores in the country. This will show me exactly what people choose to wear, but won’t tell me why. Since I wouldn’t know why they wear them I plan to interview a couple of volunteers to get their opinion. This plus the rest of my research will give me a good idea of what people choose to wear, and why. I’m going to pick a few individuals from the public that seem to keep â€Å"shoes† an important part of their lives. I will ask them the same questions that are on my survey plus a few more that will go int... ... and style go hand in hand. He said people prefer one brand name against another because of the way they look. On the other hand I interviewed a girl who said that she would buy any pair of shoes as long as it was cheap and looked nice. She said she had no real preference, and owned a lot of shoes. Price was her deciding factor and no matter how it looked, what the brand name was, or even the color, she wouldn’t purchase it unless the price wasn’t very high, or if it was on sale. I think my observations, surveys, and interviews prove my thesis to be correct. Even though not everybody uses style for their deciding factor, the majority of people that participated in my survey, and my interview with Rob the shoe salesman concludes that style usually is the number one factor in one way or another when a person purchases a pair of shoes.

Advantages of Activity Based Costing

In modern business environment, the use of traditional costing system is no longer relevance to the company to achieve competitive advantage. Nowadays, Activity Based Costing is considered as one of the effective tools to enhance the ability of the organisation to meet global competition. This had resulted in the change from traditional costing system to an increasingly popular costing system such Activity-Based Costing (ABC). ABC system has emerged as an alternative to traditional costing system to meet the need for accurate cost information about the products, services, customer and processes. ABC performs the arithmetic to provide accurate cost information while Activity Based Management (ABM) is focused on using this information obtained from ABC to manage activities in order to improving business (Gunasekaran et al. , 2000). Generally ABC systems enable indirect and support expenses onto each activity. Following by identify the cost drivers to measure the activity used by cost objects and allocate them to cost driver. In order word, ABC helps the manager to understand about the cost and expense in each production by giving managers a clearer picture of the economics of their operations to managerial decision making at a strategic level (Kaplan and Copper, 1998). Apart from that, in twenty-first century market which is global consumer markets and rapidly changing product technologies have forced global manufacturers to make dramatic changes in their products, markets as well as production strategies. In order to stay in the global market, organisations are advice to adopt ABC not only produces products at faster rates, but they produce with greater consistency and conformity to quality specifications. Also, ABC system allows the manufacturers to reduce the time between customer order and product delivery which can gives the manufacturer a competitive advantage in improving customer service (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999). Therefore, it is necessary for organisation to adopt ABC system which can assist managers in identifying the value-added activities which they could further improve to meet customer’s demands and enhancing the product quality and process simplification and efficiency (Marx, 2009). For example, MelCo is the company that implements ABC and gets the benefits from it. MelCo is the only manufacturer of engineering components in Melbourne. Its previous costing system was a conventional costing system where overheads were allocated to products based on labour hour utilised (Sohal and Chung, 1998). However, management found that implement ABC system in the organisation is seem to be useful because it can assist high level of flexibility and responsiveness that demanded by the marketplace. Besides, ABC system can generate true costing and pricing which automatically give performance measures and product profitability as well as provide a variety of information for management in strategic decision making. Even though it incur high cost, MelCo think that it is worthiness because it provides a tool for management for commercial decision making although it just implement for 12 months (Sohal and Chung, 1998). Due to the changes of business environment, the company requires to manufacture very wide product range for a large customer base with high quality and innovative products in order to fulfil the demand of the consumer. By implementing ABC in organisation, ABM guides efforts to adapt business strategies to meet competitive pressures as well as to improve business operations. ABC information enables ABM to yield continuous improvement process. By continuous improvement, organisation can yield the maximum profitability as well as improved the customer’s satisfaction (Gunasekaran et al. 2000). Nowadays, customers want products and services that fit their specific needs; they want quality service at affordable price to be right now. However, since traditional costing system is volume-based, inaccurate information will be generated which lead to company make wrong decision (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999). Apart from that, stable product and mass production are no longer valid for today manufacturing system. Thus, manufacturing companies have reduced the implication of traditional cost accounting system by implementing ABC systems. In contrast to standard costing, ABC can identify value-added and non-value-added activities. To clarify this, all activities should be compared with similar activities in another company or within the organisation in order to perform the best. Hence, benchmarking should be encourages to be carried out for both value-added and non-value added activities because it is a best practice which is mostly used in real-life situation (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999). For example, 100% on time delivery of customer orders is an essential activity. Apart from that, non-value-added activities such as inspection and material handling can be reduced by using different quality assurance methods and techniques such as total quality management and just in time. With ABC, the company has a better access to decision which related to TQM and JIT (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999). To achieve cost reduction in a strategic way, activity-based costing presents to be more accurate in determining costly activities in order to help companies to better manage those activities. Unlike the information available under traditional management accounting, ABC systems are capture the significant information among customer orders and provide strategic decision making with the indication of the changes in the customer’s specifications (Lere, 2000). By implementing ABC system, it also can reduce non-value activities as well as cost of their products to compete in today competitive market. Non-value added activities can be eliminated with the implementation of strategies such as total quality management, just in time and business process re-engineering. Managers should pay more attention to those activities which will incur high cost but does not add any value to the product. Besides, managers prepared with the ABC systems were able to reduce overall costs, identify the opportunities for continuous improvement of the products. Nowadays, technology plays a dominant role of integrating various functional areas. Although the automation in advanced manufacturing environment has reduced the labour component, at the same time overheads have increased (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999). Therefore, in manufacturing environment, it is necessary for organisation to minimize non-value adding activities to reduce the cost of their products to compete in the market. By implementing ABC system in organisation, it will help to reduce direct labour component, increase in overheads as well as productivity of knowledge workers. Apart from that, ABC also helps organisation in better communications and team working environment as well as reduce time required to perform an activities due to knowledge workers and re-engineering the suggestions by employees to reduce the non-value activities (Gunasekaran et al. 1999). In contrast, the traditional costing systems do not provide non-financial information such as defect rates, level of quality about the organisation. However, implementation of activity based costing is not an easy task as there are several difficulties in implementing ABC system. One of the first fundamentals for the success of an ABC implementation is top management support for the project (Zhang and Che, 2010). The failure of ABC projects can generally be attributed to lack of visible and active management. If the organisation’s senior managers do not show the commitment and act passive in the program, it will negatively reduce the motivation of the employees. Apart from that, the productivity of the employees will also affect as well. Therefore, top management should be give full support with clear understanding of goals and objectives of the whole organisation to the employees. Besides, they should meet regularly in order to advise the management on the strategic and technology business problems (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999). Commitment of employees is one of the important factors in implementing ABC system. For the successful implementation in ABC, the employees must have a clear understanding of its capabilities, goals and objectives (Zhang and Che, 2010). As a result, education and training are necessary for the employees to make sure that they understand the objective of ABC system. When the employees are well trained and educated, they can easily reduce the time and effort required to perform an activity, on-time delivery as well as reduce the cycle time of the product. Also, employees should be provide with internal and external company training facilities to ensure them gain latest knowledge and trend in order to maintain company’s standard in today global market (Zhang and Che, 2010). For example, MelCo is a company that implementing ABC system and it found that the problems during implementation was lack of available skills in-house which means that they do not have considerable amount of education and training. Therefore, MelCo are recommended that training of employees should be taking into consideration (Sohal and Chung, 1998). As a conclusion, the changes of global business environment had changes the way of the company doing the business and shift traditional management accounting to strategic management accounting for cost management in organisations. However, it does not means that traditional management accounting is usefulness and not applicable in today business environment. Relevance of traditional cost accounting is very subjective in each view of the organisation. It may be suitable for some companies treated standard costing and variance analysis as a tool that enhances planning and control and improves performance evaluation rather than abolished it. To compete in today business environment, strategic management accounting is the most suitable accounting system for the organisation as ABC method can provides more accurate and better cost information which can helps manager to understand and make strategic decision making. Furthermore, ABC system can eliminate the non-value added activities which added value to the product cost, by doing so, organisation can reduce those unnecessary costs. Thus, ABC system is most appropriate management accounting costing in today business environment. However, there are several problems and difficulties in implementing ABC system, company should take into consideration when implementing ABC in order to maximize the fully benefits for ABC systems.

Trade protection in agriculture by European Union and the United States results in gains for some and loss for others. Evaluate the impact of US Farm Policy or EU Common Agriculture Policy on developing countries.

Trade protection in agriculture by European Union and the United States results in gains for some and loss for others. Evaluate the impact of US Farm Policy or EU Common Agriculture Policy on developing countries. Question 2Trade protection in agriculture by European Union and the United States results in gains for some and loss for others. Evaluate the impact of US Farm Policy or EU Common Agriculture Policy on developing countries.The European Union (EU) is the agricultural leader among developed countries in international trade. It is well-known as a world's major food exporter. In 2010, for example, its agricultural exports, mainly processed foods like beverages, essential oils and food preparations, reached the record level of  ¢Ã‚‚ ¬91 billion (Fritz, 2011). Nevertheless, its position as the world's largest importer, mainly from developing countries, is far more significant. This was proven where around 72% of its agricultural imports are originated from developing countries, which accounted on average US$83 billion worth of agricultural products over the period of 2007 to 2009. This rate is higher than the combined imports of the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia and New Zea land from developing countries, which is around 38% and accounted on average US$64 billion for the same period (Matthews, 2010a; European Commission, 2010).European flag outside the CommissionFor instance, soya, the single most important agricultural commodity imported into the EU, is mainly supplied by Brazil and Argentina. Other important tropical products include coffee, bananas, cocoa beans and palm oil supplied almost entirely by developing countries as well (Fritz, 2011).The EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was introduced in the early 1960s at a time where farming accounted for a large share of Europe's GDP and population (Bureau Matthews, 2005). The purpose of forming this policy is to promote agriculture throughout the EU by influencing prices, output and farmers' incomes, including provision to protect the rural and agricultural commodity. Apparently, the CAP is introduced based on two pillars, with each pillar funding different policies in different ways. Pillar 1 co mprises both direct payments...

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essays

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essays Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Paper Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Paper Enterprise architecture is important because organizations need to adapt increasingly fast to increased competition, changing customer requirements, and business goals. Since MEG international was showing signs of reduction in sales and threatening market position by foreign competition were perfect examples that MEG was not adapting to reapply canalling environments I Nils need Tort Patton NAS Incidence over ten entire business processes; change in one business process may influence other business process. To keep enterprise architecture coherent, change should be managed accordingly in all architectures, and the relations between different architecture just be clear so it is vital for MEG to implement enterprise architecture as a strategy to be able to gain competitive advantage. Main difficulty in adopting enterprise architecture as strategy is to match business architectural alignment and IT alignment because of the differences in architectural modeling methods. Business analysts build complex business process models; similarly IT architects can design complex applications. These two groups of people may be best at what they do but they lack common language to understand each others design. Mona Lisa although being Information Systems consultant didnt have he leadership capacity or vision on how she is going to approach the issue of aligning these two processes, or what framework to use for the enterprise architecture and what IT strategy to choose to move forward towards the change process. Some of the well known examples of enterprise architecture frameworks that can help to build the strategies around enterprise architecture in MEG are: Coachmans framework for enterprise architecture (Coachman, 1987) (Figure 1): This framework is a logical structure for classifying the different perspectives involved in enterprise architecture in a two dimensional matrix that are significant to TTS stakeholders. The matrix consists of levels or player perspective (scope or planner, business model or business owner, system model or designer, technology or builder, detailed representations or subcontractor and Functioning Enterprise) and six columns or aspects (data, function, network, people, time, motivation). From the Business owner perspective data represents information about customers, products, suppliers and relationships between these entities (Session, 2007). On the other hand data from the perspective of technical person implementing the database is rows and columns in tables which are linked together by Joins (Session, 007). If we move left to right on the grid we see different system descriptions from one player view whereas if we move from top to bottom it changes the different player perspective of viewing the system descriptions. Both perspectives are therefore critical for understanding the systems architecture that Coachman tries to address in his architecture. There are some criticisms about this framework that it itself doesnt define the methodology of the framework and is a complex process and can be applicable for large organizations only. This framework mainly acts as a template where goals, ales, processes, materials, roles, locations and events that organizations require must be filled in. Session (2007) argues that the Coachman Framework is actually taxonomy for organizing architectural artifacts (I. E. Design documents, specifications, models) Tanat takes Into account Don won ten retract targets (e. G. Dustless owner, builder) and what particular issue (e. G. , data, functionality) is being addressed. The Open Group Architecture Framework (known as TOGA) (Figure 2): This framework mainly has four components such as: business architecture, application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture. Business architecture explains how business processes are aligned to meet the organizational goals. Application architecture describes how the applications are designed and explains the relationship between industry wide applications. Similarly Data architecture explains how the enterprise data are stored and accessed and finally technical architecture is responsible for explaining the interactions between software and hardware infrastructure. It mainly relies on already existing, proven technologies and products and tries to give a well-tested overall starting model which can be further extended. Although TOGA describes itself as framework, Session (2007) categorized TOGA as architectural process rather than an architectural framework. Session (2007) further extends Coachman explains how to categories the artifacts and TOGA gives the process to create them. So for an organization like MEG international Togas Architecture Development Method (ADAM) (Figure 3) provides a strategic process for moving from generic to specific enterprise architecture. Therefore taxonomy like Coachman and an architectural process like TOGA seem very much appropriate for MEG to adapt Enterprise Architecture as strategy. . 2 Re-engineering Re-engineering could also be interpreted as reverse engineering or radical redesign of a business process which disregards all the traditions and assumptions of the past business processes or procedures and develops new one aiming to leap forward in performance and this seems essential for MEG International. Reengineering process involves in identifying the characteristics of an already engineered product or services and the processes involved in developing those, then redesigning all the processes from the scratch to improve current productivity or customer satisfaction. Hammer Champs (1993) describe business re-engineering as the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of an entire business system to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance. Reengineering is most often called business process reengineering which is aimed to accomplish tremendous changes within an organization and underpins all the possible outcomes to maintain a true competitive advantage among the competitors. Reengineering focuses on identifying and abandoning outdated rules and assumptions and creating new rules, work methods and workflow to achieve organizational goals aiming to increase productivity, product quality and customer satisfaction drastically. Harshly company need to lamben tly ten problems Ana want can De ten solutions to TAX them. If that cannot be fixed by some other means or change process then a basic re engineering model must be developed, then companys core processes should be redesigned and final stage is to adopt the new design. Re-engineering is not a simple task to accomplish, it requires fundamental rethink and radical redesign of business processes. For effectiveness it requires structured and analytic approach to generate aromatic improvements in cost reduction, quality improvements, customer satisfaction, speed etc. Pick] Reengineering (Hammers Champs, 2003, p. 2) Companies that are in deep competitive differences with their competitors, companies who have managers who can see problems arising like MEG and start on re-engineer the business before all their competitive advantage are wiped off. Hammer and Champs (1993)gs rhetorical question of reengineering is that If I were re-creating this company today, given what I know and the current level of technology, what would it look liker. Focus on fundamentals, radical redesign element, the potential for dramatic results and business process orientation must be addressed while answering the question. Fundamentals like what the organization does, why it is done that way, what are the tactical aspects, should be addressed while designing re-engineered process what should be. Superficial changes and quantum leap in performance is the must while re-engineering not only marginal enhancements and improvements. These changes should address current business process, plus implement improved and simplified processes that improve value to he customer. . Critical risks to re-engineer organization and successful change implementation Re-engineering the organization processes or business process reengineering (BPR) can produce drastic change and improvement in the organizational processes if implemented successfully. However if it is not implemented correctly it will not work as advertised and fail to meet the high expectations. Re cent surveys show that about 70% BPR fail and some organizations that have put massive effort in BPR are only able to gain marginal benefits (Davenport, 1993). These figures indicate that re- engineering has high risk but also organizations are ready to take the risk because the output when executed efficiently can be astounding. Some of the risk that could derail BPR process can be no support from senior managers, focusing on automating current processes before reengineering process is identified, making technology alone dependent on change process and not identifying the limitation of the current Information technology infrastructure. Other directly impacting difficulties that BPR can face involves employee resistance to change, not addressing employee concerns, Alsatian AT strategy goals, lack AT learning overslept Ana commitment. Including all these risks main critical factor is that organization must be truly committed to change in the re-engineering process with full support of senior level management. At Meg international even though Latino thought that everyone would be excited by the prospects of organizational change, only few expressed any enthusiasm for understanding general management. Most of the divisional heads were not clear on what re-engineering process is and were misinterpreting the concept in their own words which created an anxiety among most of the employees which resulted in loss of number of good technical staff. These were clear signs that most of the divisional heads were not ready to help in the re-engineering process that was very bad sign for Mona Lisa to start with. Since the BPR is a high risk process and involves high level of tasks to achieve, it can never be one man Job; it stresses the use of team throughout the process. Lisa however didnt show any initiative in having a team; as a result her rigorous efforts were wasted and ultimately lead to her resignation. If I was in her position then my first priority of this project loud be to create team of experts from different parts of organization to understand the business processes and technical infrastructure, and hire few members in the team from outside who have better understanding of re-engineering process who will be responsible for explaining the management team what re-engineering actually is and what we are planning to achieve. It is unlikely that an organization can ignore the existing infrastructure and implement a process from scratch. It is more realistic to acknowledge the resources available and any real constraints and develop fundamental understanding of their implications on the process redesign (Davenport, 1993). After the process is redesigned, available Information Technology should be used to facilitate the implementation of new process that rules out the possibility of technology to be the limited factor. While process re-engineering is not a technology endeavourer, IT is recognized as having a critical role to play in re- engineering efforts, primarily as an enabler of new operational and management processes (Davenport and Short 1990; Hammer and Champs 1993; Davenport 1993). However, IT in itself cannot be held responsible for the ultimate success or allure of the business strategy. When skillfully applied, IT can provide support for the intermediate processes that taken together comprise the execution of an organizations strategy. Since organizations culture is an important aspect and cannot be ignored in the change process, the framework that I will be using during re-engineering process is Muckinesss seven S diagram (Figure 4) because it encapsulates the key components of an organization and has Shared Values (or Culture) at its centre. 2. 1 Systems:- These are the processes, methods, procedures, rules, techniques, technology, manuals, etc. Hat ensures that work is undertaken efficiently and accurately. These are the essential part of an organization to guide the management and staff. Therefore key to BPR process is to understand current systems and redesign them, often as Davenport (1993) highlights, new processes are enabled by new technology wanly ultimately engages employees to learn new techniques. 2. 2 Structures:- After the key processes are redefined, the next step would be to restructure the organization to match along these processes. The new form of organizational structure that aims to break the traditional types of structure, particularly eructation and divisional structures is required. Hammer Champs (2003) recommend a move to much flatter structures organized around the processes, whereas Davenport (1993) recommends a multidimensional matrix structure, with process responsibility as a key dimension (p 160). To achieve this, Johansson et al (1993) states: the new organization must accommodate a balance between functional expertise and process involvement and goes on to say it is essential to remove functional barriers (IPPP). 2. Staff:- As per Henley (1991) Staff is the quality and quantity of people employed and anger has the role of motivation, reward systems, the structure of Jobs and team work (pap). Davenport (1993) expresses gain-sharing (Pl 10), lateral promotion, upgrade from role title to process title (Pl 1 1), and interesting and challenging through work role rotation, he believes encourages employees to redesign the processes to eliminate their own Job. In contrast to Davenports expression BPR to some extent will be involved in down-sizing and right-siz ing the workforce. 2. Skills:- Henley (1991) defines skills as The competences the organization needs in its people in order to perform difficult tasks to a high standard (pap). The BPR redefines the roles that should enhance and provide space for skills development where Hammer Champs (1993) add New World of Work where Jobs change from simple tasks to multi-dimensional work. This means Job preparation changes from training to education, from rule following to exercising Judgment and managers change from supervisors to coaches and executives change from scorekeepers to leaders(p 169). . 5 Strategy:- The main task in BPR is to discover the organizations strategy and of what rives competitive advantage in a particular industry; the industrys value chain and the basis for competition, and how a particular company seeks to gain competitive edge Monsoon et al 1993, pap). BPR decisions and strategic decisions involving new processes new structure and new staff mindset is extremely diffic ult to achieve but managers should be trained to articulate their Process vision driven by Business Strategy Davenport (1993, Pl 27). By style Henley (1991) means the philosophy, values and shared beliefs adopted by managers in their use of power (pap). BPR should be able to change the way hinge are done in the organization and behavioral changes. Process innovation involves massive change, not only in process flows and the culture surrounding them, but also in organizational power and controls (Davenport, 1993, Pl 3). 2. 7 Shared Values:- Andrews Stick (1994) state that in successful reengineering business operations, individual belief systems become aligned with the stated beliefs of the organization (Pl 15). Reengineering will definitely have a big impact on the cultural aspect of an organization under new processes, structure, staff role, management tragedy and style but re-engineering demands that employees deeply believe they work for their customers, not for their bosses(Hammer Champs, 1993, pap). BPR should establish new process teams linked by common values where employees must believe in self empowerment, self management and rewards based on skills must be used. Following this structure would provide me path to develop perfect strategy that would enable me to lead my team to successful re-engineering process at MEG international that would significantly improve the performance of the business processes. 3. Justification for Change in an Organization Change is inevitable in an organization, the organizations unable to keep up with the change; cannot match up with the fast changing market and their survival will be in question. There are many things, events, or situations that occur in an organization or its external environment that affect the way a business operates, either that can be positive or negative. To cope with these occurrences, situations or events; every organization has to fundamentally alter the way they do business. Thus we can say the statement Change is an ever-present feature of organizational life, both at an operational and strategic level. Therefore, there should be no doubt regarding the importance to any organization of its ability to identify where it needs to be in the future, and how to manage the changes required getting there. Consequently, organizational change cannot be separated from organizational strategy, or vice versa is very true. There are mainly four reasons that organizations need to changes that can be market changes, increased competition, external forces, and internal forces. 3. 1 Market changes The international demand for quality products, low prices, better service and increased level of client satisfaction are the key for the organizations change the way they do business in current global economy. To match these ever changing needs companies are Trace to Tort collaborative arrangements, cooperative ventures Ana even alliances. Social and political pressures have always been there for the organizations. Employee values, needs, priorities and their motivations are always influenced by the political and social events. To match up with their needs its essential for managers to adjust their management styles and arrange comfortable environment for employees. . 2 Increased competition In past where there were technology was not advance enough and there was less global competition with slower moving business environment where change occurred incrementally and infrequently. But now challenges organizations face is different, globalization has created both opportunities and challenges forcing firms to make drastic changes not only to compete but to survive in the market. Globalization is basically driven by technological advances, international economic integration and domestic market maturation (cotter 1996). Even companies operating in small entries can feel the impact of global competition. 3. 3 External forces External driving forces are those kinds of situations or events that occur outside of the company and they are beyond the control of an organization. External forces can be expressed under these sub-classifications: Demographic Characteristics: The change in population and their density come under this classification that can trigger organizational changes. This mainly includes changes in age, gender, race, and increase in diversity. Technological developments: In current business environment technology plays vital role in any organization. The Internet has revolutionized the way in which information is exchanged, communication facilitated and commerce conducted. Technology is rapidly changing and effective management demands more knowledge in these areas in order for companies to manage their resources and develop, maintain or keep their competitive edge. It is essential for organizations to adapt technology to improve productivity and market competitiveness. Since technology is fastest changing entity, any business missing to follow the technological changes might loose their competitiveness or wiped off completely from the market. . 4 Internal Forces Internal driving forces are those kinds of situations or events that occur inside the company and they controlled if there is proper initiative taken. Internal forces can be expressed near tense sun Human resource factors: -classification: People change more frequently and they bring in their changed perceptions in the organizations. Their perceptions about the work and work environment, their expectations from their managers and colleagues, flexibility and balance between work and their life etc could act as important factor for organizational change. To increase employee motivation, and improve their commitment and dedication towards work, their stresses, sources of conflict, work overload, and ambiguity need to be identified and eliminated. Managerial behavior/decisions: Excessive interpersonal conflict is often a clear sign that change is needed. Due to the important role of the manager in introducing and managing change in the organization, skills training and capacity building programmer for both manager and employee might be necessary. It is suggested that a better strategic approach to change is where organizations and heir people continually monitor, sense and respond to external and internal environment in small steps as an ongoing process (Burners, 2004). Early model of change was developed by Lenin (cited in Burners 2004, p. 985) consisting of three- stage process. First stage is unfreezing which is mainly aimed at overcoming or dismantling the existing mind set that are resisting change. Secondly the change implementation which can be of lot of confusions where old ways are challenged and new ideas have not been fully stable. Final stage he called is refreezing stabilizing hang within organizational culture, norms, policies and practices in order to ensure the new behavior is sustained in individuals.

Revenue Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revenue Strategy - Essay Example With its Corporate head quarters in Bentonville Arkansas, Wal-Mart operates 99 distribution centers and transport offices in USA to service the operations of its 5,246 Wal-Mart stores out of which 1,587 are located internationally. Over 138 million customers per week are catered to by Wal-Mart stores across the world. 82% of American households have made at least one purchase at Wal-Mart during an annum. Such sustained performance over the years have been driven by a series of well crafted business strategies, which are targeted at generating revenue and profitability through the Wal-Mart operations as well as providing the company with significant competitive advantage over its rivals. At the heart of Wal-Mart’s revenue generation strategy lies the focus on attracting new customers and retaining existing ones by offering value that is unparrelel to what its competitiors are offering. Its marketing campaigns are firmly hinged on the slogan, â€Å"everyday low prices† where the company offers certain products at 25-30% less than the normal market prices. With its massive operation volumes the company enjoys economies of scales, that are translated in to low prices, which in turn is used as the main revenue generation tool. The company also pressurize its supply chain in to cutting costs and improving their own productivity so that low prices can be secured at supply cha in level, and passed on to customers while maintaining Wal-Mart’s profitability. The company has utilized many channels to reach different customer segments by differentiating its stores formats and product range to suit locations and different communities. Wal-Mart stores fall in to 5 categories as Wal-Mart Discount Stores, Wal-Mart Super centers, Wal-Mart Neighborhood Market, Sams Club and Wal-Mart International. The company also operates Wal-Mart Online Store to capitalize from the increasing popularity of Internet