What is a Mahdaviat Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is a Mahdaviat - Term Paper Example The Mahdaviats believe in the Mahdi. They believe that he is Islam’s primary expected savior. They believe that they are th descendants of Muhammad. They believe that the Mahdi shall be known after a time of pain and suffering in the world. They also believe that the Mahdi will bring about justice in the world. They believe that the Mahdi will be the leader of a revolution which will bring about the new world order. Nations that oppose the Mahdi will go to war against the Mahdi. They also believe that the Mahdi shall instigate a seven year peace treaty with a Jew of a priest lieneage. The Mahdaviats believe that ISLAM shall be the only religion on earth when the Mahdi is around. They also believe that the Mahdi shall rule for even years with Jerusalem as his centre. They also believe that Israel shall be conquered. Who is the Mahdi? The Mahdi in Arabic means the rightly guided one. He is a major figure in Islamic eschatology. He is the one who shall restore justice and religion and shall rule before the earth ends. The Mahdi concept began on the inception of Islam and is popularly identified with the Shiite branch. The Mahdi shall come to save the Mahdaviats. He will show up in Mecca and shall travel from Mecca to Kufa in Iraq. At the time of showing up, he shall be forty years old. He shall wear a ring that belonged to King Solomon. The Mahdi shall fulr for a period of seven years. He is a descendant of Muhammed. Finally, the Mahdi is a person who shall conquer his enemies will be led by the one – eyed antichrist.

Public Relations Student Society Essay Example for Free

Public Relations Student Society Essay My name is Jessica T. and I am a high school senior. During high school, I have been very focused on academics, and have also been involved with many extracurricular activities. As I prepare for my freshman year at Central Michigan University, my goals are to be an active member of the Honor’s Program, to be selected for the Leadership Camp and Safari, and to achieve a major in Integrative Public Relations, with a minor in Leadership. Throughout high school, I have been able to maintain an excellent grade point average, while also being active in many different clubs and sports. My current school activities include: Student Council (Historian of the council and Secretary of my class), National Honors Society, Business Professionals of America (Vice President), Cares Charity Club, Varsity Cross Country, and Varsity Soccer. I have also been a member of Pep Club, Foreign Language Club, Yearbook, and Volleyball. Along with school groups and activities, I am an active member of my church youth group at St. Paul’s United Church of Christ. One of my very favorite and most fulfilling events each year is a mission trip, where I’m able help people who may be less fortunate or just need some extra help from their community. A schedule that blends academics with school and community activities keeps me very busy. My ability to have both a school life and social life is something that might distinguish me from other high academic achievers. As I’ve seen with some of my own classmates, many people aren’t able to find a good balance; you either have a â€Å"bookworm† who does not get out much, or students who get out too much and end up failing classes. A crucial skill I had to learn quickly was how to manage my time between school, extracurricular activities, and just relaxing with my friends and family. I love to have fun with my friends, but I also know when it is time to concentrate on school work. The fact that I love public speaking is something that might also set me apart, not only from high academic achievers, but most high school students in general. I do not think you can find many people my age who are comfortable talking in front of people anytime or anywhere in either large or small groups. My speaking skills have strengthened my confidence to take on leadership roles when working on an event, and to take charge of a group in order to get things accomplished. Every school year, my friends appoint me as the class coordinator of the school’s Lip Sync Competition, which is actually a dance competition between the four grades. My friends and teachers always compliment me on how I am able to take 32 classmates all with different opinions and personalities and persuade them all to agree, without coming across as being mean. I believe my public speaking and leadership qualities will help me to achieve my goals to major in Integrative Public Relations and minor in Leadership. In addition to earning my degree at CMU, I plan to pursue my interest in the university’s volunteer and interdisciplinary programs, and student professional organizations such as the Public Relations Student Society of America. During my visit back in December, I met members of both the Honor’s and Leadership Programs. I was so thrilled that CMU offers programs where I can continue to grow and build on the professional and personal skills I’ve gained in high school. It was also exciting to see that so many students share a lot of my same interests. The Integrative Public Relations degree is what initially sparked my interest in becoming a Chippewa, however the confirmed my decision to attend Central Michigan University. In regards to the Honors Program, I believe I have a lot to offer. The planning and organizational skills I’ve learned by coordinating events through student council and the National Honor Society will help as I work with other members to create and plan fundraising and campus events. My confidence in speaking to large or small audiences will be helpful during classroom discussions or in working with a small team on a class or honor’s program project. Being involved with athletics has taught me a lot about commitment and teamwork, especially how to work well with many different personality types and levels of play. All of these skills will help me in many other areas such as: meeting my new dorm mates, working with fellow students and Honor’s Program members in class or on special events, and ultimately as I earn my degree and begin my new career. Last, but not at all the least, I have a great family. There are four of us – my parents, my little sister, and me. My sister, Sarah, is a freshman at my high school. We haven’t attended the same school since I was in first grade, so its fun to be in school together. I’m looking forward to playing with her on the varsity soccer team this year before I graduate. Family and friends are very important to me, and I love spending time with them. School is also an important thing in my life, and I do work hard to achieve what I need to, to reach my future goals.

Mystification :: essays research papers

Mystification  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Berger’s essay, he uses the term â€Å"mystification†. Mystification is one way to set out describing the ways in which people perceive what they see. When people look at same painting or advertisement, they perceive and interpret differently. As John Berger says, â€Å"we are always looking at the relation between things and ourselves† (156). We see things differently from one another and in the beginning we see things, but without language and understanding, we cannot explain what it is we see. The way we see things is predetermined by different factors such as our own experiences and status. Berger provides an example two paintings by Frans Hals. The two paintings are picture of a group of governors and a group of governesses. The paintings imply that how our society has emphasized an upper class at the period. And, high status people control the people’s view. As Berger says, â€Å"the art of the past is being mystified because a privileged minority is striving to invent a history which can retrospectively justify the role of the ruling classes, and such a justification can no longer make sense in modern terms† (157). The upper class mystifies us to stay in control; without being able to see things in our own way, we are being deprived from our right to understanding ourselves and placing ourselves in a role of society. The â€Å"privileged minority† mystifies works of art in order to control people’s view. Berger explains how Hals becomes after he painted the two paintings. According to Berger, â€Å"he obtained three loads of peat on public charity, otherwise he would have frozen to death. Those who now sat for him were administrators of such public charity† (158).

Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations Essay -- Evolution, Social C

â€Å"Postmodern† is a complicated term, and so are â€Å"postmodernity†, â€Å"postmodernism† and â€Å"postmodernist†, and every other term one might come across in the way of evolution. According to Andreas Saugstad (2001) different postmodern theorists may have contrasting opinions and thinkers from different areas may have contrasting definitions of the term â€Å"postmodern†. Thus, the postmodern debates influenced the cultural and intellectual scene in many areas throughout the world. These terms have been used in literature, social studies, philosophy, arts and architecture. On the same hand on cultural level, discussions emerged whether modernism was dead or not and what kind of postmodernism was inheriting it. In the philosophical sphere, according to Steven Best and Douglas Kellner(1991), the erupted discussions were also concentrating on whether or not the traditions of modern philosophy had ended, and many theorists began pra ising a new postmodern philosophy related with Derrida, Jean-Francios Lyotard, Nietzsche, Baudrillard and more. Furthermore, the postmodern debates produced innovative, social and political theories, as well as theoretical struggles to define the multilayered postmodern phenomenon. On the other hand, according to The American Heritage Dictionary (1991) the postmodern can be described as â€Å"relating to art, literature and architecture, that reacts against earlier modernist principles, as by reintroducing traditional, classical or modernist elements of style to the extremes.† According to Steven Connor(1989) the â€Å"postmodern† terminology was firstly used by a number of writers in the 1950s and 1960s, however the concept can’t be said to have taken shape until the 1980s. As Hans Bertens(1995) poin... ...ations. 1st ed. Macmillan education ltd. London. Connor, S, 1989. Postmodern Culture: An introduction to theories of the contemporary. 2nd ed. Oxford: London University. The Free Dictionary. 2013. Postmodern. [online] Available at: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/postmodern [ Accessed on 05 November 2013] Andreas Saugstad, 2001. Postmodernism: What is it and What is wrong with it? [online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/sgummer/what-are-the-characteristics-of-postmodernism-and-its-faults [Accessed on 10 November 2013] Glossary Terms. 2003. Encyclopedia of Marxism. [online] Available at: http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/g/r.htm [Accessed on 10 November 2013] Vineet Prakash, 2007. Essay on Postmodernism. [online] Available at: http://www.preservearticles.com/201106127844/1125-words-free-sample-essay-on-post-modernism.html [Accessed on 08 November 2013]

Interpersonal Conflict in the Film Spanglish Essay

The film Spanglish portrays many examples of interpersonal conflict between characters. An interpersonal conflict is two or more persons having different views on a specific thought or idea. In the film one of the most noticeable conflicts occurs between Flor, the house keeper, and Deborah, the mother. The movie is based on the struggles of relationships, with others and with the characters within themselves. Flor’s personality and parenting beliefs conflict with Deborah’s, resulting in a personal and cultural minimal battle. The conflict between Deborah and Flor progress over time because Deborah is uptight and her irrational behavior is often upsetting both households. Flor speaks very little English when she starts to work for the Clasky family as their housekeeper on a daily basis. She does not mention that she has a daughter, named Cristina. The family has two children, George and Bernice, the famous chef father John, the alcoholic grandmother Evelyn, and the neurotic mother Deborah. Summer comes and Flor is needed at the Claskys’ summer home around the clock so Deborah asks her to live there with them. Unable to communicate well in English, Deborah finds a neighbor to interpret, Flor reveals that she is unable to maintain these hours because she has a daughter, so Cristina is invited to come stay with them. While living in their new home for the summer with the Clasky’s, Cristina interprets for her mother to communicate. She impresses Deborah, who begins to treat her like a daughter, taking Cristina shopping, getting her hair done, enrolling her in a private school, and showing her more love than she shows for her own daughter Bernice. Flor becomes unhappy when it appears that Cristina is influenced by Deborah, in part because she wants Cristina to keep in touch with her Mexican roots and working-class values, and partly because Deborah is overstepping her bounds. Flor objects to Deborah’s actions to John, who apologizes and explains to his wife that she cannot do these things for some one else’s child without permission. Flor begins to learn English so she can communicate better. She becomes closer to John, who is having difficulty with Deborah’s self-centered behavior. Flor quits and takes her daughter home, upsetting Cristina, who got along well with the Claskys. On their way home, she tells Cristina that she can’t go to the private school anymore either, upsetting Cristina even more; she screams in the middle of the street that Flor can’t do this to her and that her life is ruined. Flor loses patience with Cristina after she asks her mother for space. Flor explains to her daughter that she must answer the most important question of her life, at a very young age: â€Å"Is what you want for yourself to become someone very different than me? Cristina considers this on their bus ride home, and they make up and embrace. The film ends with Cristina as an adult, years later, acknowledging that her life rests firmly and happily on the simple fact that she is her mother’s daughter. Throughout the movie there are many examples of how different cultures have different values, and different people have different morals and ethics, and how two people can clash and have extreme conflict between them, to the point where it can affect others around them. The movie Spanglish is based on the struggles of relationships, with others and the characters within themselves. Flor’s personality and parenting beliefs conflict with Deborah’s, resulting in a personal and cultural minimal battle. One of the most important reasons for engaging in interpersonal communication is to form and maintain relationships, connections, or associations with other people in your life (Sole, 2011).

My Best Friend essays

My Best Friend essays We have been friends for quite a while now, and I just want to say thank you for being there when times got tough. I know you more than I know anybody and I'm so glad that we started hanging out together. Lately I've been thinking about the way that we always compete with each other and it's really starting to get to me. I know that it's not always intentional, but it just seems like you enjoy getting into those little arguements that we seem to almost always come across. You and I have alot of the same personality traits, yet we also seem like total opposites at times. You are a really funny/crazy guy and that's why I like to hang out with you, but sometimes you really get to me and you push my buttons. Darin, you argue with me about the stupidest things and you always have to get the last word in. Sometimes I know that I'm really the one who's right, but I let you win just so that you'll shut up. Don't take this letter personal, I'm not trying to put you down, I just thought I'd bring it to your attention before it starts to affect our friendship. I don't want to keep my feelings and thoughts all bottled up inside me and I know you've been really busy lately, so I figured it wouldn't hurt to write it all down on paper. We have a really cool friendship and I don't want to continue to have these stupid competitions with you. You are probably one of the coolest, most unique guys I've ever met and I want to keep hanging out and doing normal guy stuff, but you have to be willing to make the effort too. Please try to bite your tongue when you think that you're about to disagree with my opinions and I'll do the same with you. I hope that you don't take this the wrong way, but I just thought it should be put out in the open so that we can cut down on the arguements that we've been having. I won't get mad if you think a girl you like is prettier than a girl that I like, and you shouldn't try to say that you can l ...

Sin in the Scarlet Letter Essay Example

Sin in the Scarlet Letter Essay Example Sin in the Scarlet Letter Paper Sin in the Scarlet Letter Paper Essay Topic: The Scarlet Letter Sin, hidden or otherwise, Is something society has dealt with since the very beginning of organized religion. When one has sinned, it is human Instinct to keep it locked up inside oneself lest the ugliness if it be revealed to the world. This tendency Is not only present In every day life, but is also present In the Puritan setting of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hidden sin Is fairly literal In this novel, as mall characters such as Hester. Timescale, and Chlorinating have sinful secrets which they allow to fester within themselves and allow to break them down. Hawthorne shows us how their lives change for the worse as these sins remain hidden and how we can learn from their blunders. The least obvious of the three secret sinners is Hester Prone. Although her biggest sin, adultery, is public knowledge, she also has secrets that build upon that original moral transgression. For example, Hester withholds the fact that Roger Chlorinating is her husband from Timescale until the very end of the novel. By doing this, she allows the love of her life and the father of her child to suffer for seven long years under the hands of her vengeful spouse hen, In fact, she has absolutely no right or obligation to. By going after Timescale as he does, Chlorinating breaches the terms of the agreement he and Hester make. On page 53, Chlorinating says, Recognize me not, by word, by sign, by look Should thou fall me In this, beware! [Damselflys] fame, his position, his life will be in my hands. However, he begins torturing Timescale before Hester even has a chance to blink. By keeping this secret to herself, Hester can almost be considered a conspirator to murder. However, Hester is not alone in her suffering. Arthur Timescale, local reverend and fellow adulterer, is also affected. Unlike Hester, however, he does not have a scarlet letter on the breast of his shirt for the world to see. Instead, it is believed that he has burned the letter into his own chest as a form of punishment for his violation of Gods law. On page 176, it reads, Most of the spectators testified to having seen, on the breast of the unhappy minister a scarlet letter, the very semblance of that worn by Hester Prone, Imprinted in the flesh. Through punishments such as these, along with vigils and repeated fasting, Damselflys body soon begins to deteriorate. None of this would have happened had he taken his stand on the scaffold with Hester seven years prior, so we can once again see how hidden sin can twist the human form emotionally as well as physically. But not even Arthur Damselflys fate is the cruelest to be described in The Scarlet Letter. Roger Chlorinating starts off with, a remarkable intelligence in his features, as of a person who has so cultivated his mental part that it could not fail to mould the physical to itself (42). As the novel continues, however, one can notice to only his emotional self changing, but his physical self. When Hester sees him collecting herbs, she notes that, The former aspect of an Intellectual and studious man, calm and quiet, which was what she best remembered in him, had altogether vanished, and been succeeded by an eager, searching, almost fierce, yet carefully guarded look (116). These very changes emerge from the hidden sin that Chlorinating carries with him: the sin of wrath, of revenge. Though he promises never to seek vengeance on Hester or Pearl, he vows that no matter what he will find eave sought truth in books; as I have sought gold in alchemy. And that he does. In some way, almost by chance, the Reverend Timescale acquaints himself with the physician. Timescale takes him into his confidence, takes him into his home, and unwittingly allows the demon to ravage his soul. Day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, the twisted old doctor tears apart every shred, every scrape of the poor ministers being in search for the secret he so longs to find. Little does Chlorinating know that by doing this, by embodying the sin of wrath, he seals his own fate as well. After Damselflys final stand and death on the scaffold, Chlorinating, Costively withered up, shriveled away, and almost vanished from mortal sight (177). He has so long devoted his entire existence to doing the Devils work by torturing the minister; the Black Man himself calls less than a year later to collect his dues. So by keeping his identity and his sin secret, Chlorinating had pays the ultimate price. Guilt, wrath, and hatred are all very strong emotions present in The Scarlet Letter . Each of the main characters experiences one, if not more, throughout his or her life and ends up the worse for it. From subtle signs like the harshness in Hester features and personality to the full-blown deformation of Clownishnesss being, we can see Just how awful a toll hidden sin can take on an individual. And all that can truly be said is, Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred (177). Let the restless skeletons free from their dark closets. Let the burdens be lifted from weary shoulders. Let the sin, however evil it may be, be dragged into the light of day lest it drag its victim into the black of eternal night.

How to Get Book Reviews on Amazon Our Method for Free Book Reviews

How to Get Book Reviews on Amazon Our Method for Free Book Reviews How to Get Book Reviews on Amazon: Our Method for Free Book Reviews Book reviews are what make or break you as an author and since Amazon is the leader in book retailers, getting reviews on Amazon is even more important.As scary as it can be to leave your own fate in the hands of others, its true especially if you publish through Amazon.As a self-published author, having a portfolio of authentic positive Amazon reviews, right from the beginning, can skyrocket your book launch and make your book stand out in your market. And yet it is one of the hardest things to get.For any Amazon product, positive or negative product reviews can be the difference between success and failure.Heres how to get amazon book reviews:Learn Amazon book review guidelinesBuild a launch team for book reviewsContact Amazon top reviewersApply to book review sitesInclude a reminder in your bookRelaunch your bookDeal with negative reviewsGo through the Amazon book review checklistTheres nothing more painful after going through the blood, sweat, and tears of writing, publishing, a nd launching your book, to get very few to no sales because of your lack of reviews.But where do we start to get Amazon reviews? Who do we ask? How do we get reviews that our audience will respect? How many people should we have on our launch team to guarantee a certain number of reviews for setting up promotional sites?How many reviews is enough?We will look at the ways to get legitimate Amazon reviews for your book so that you can reap the benefits of turning your book into a thriving long-term business.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereHow to Get Amazon Reviews and the Review ProcessWhen you publish a book, there are essentially 6 things that score at making your book a bestseller. They are:A great book cover design.An irresistible book title.An amazing book description.Stealthy keywords.Targeted book categories.And†¦ Book Reviews.When Amaz on ranks your book, the ranking is based on the volume of downloads your book gets and, the amount of reviews stacked on the book’s review page.Amazon’s system is designed to take notice of books that are getting steady traction when reviews get posted.This is why it is critical that when you launch your book you set everything up to get as many reviews as possible to get momentum going, increase organic traffic, and drive your rankings in the search engines. This means a higher percentage of people writing reviews for your book, not just at launch, but for months (and years) down the road.The bottom line is, reviews carry big weight in the form of social proof that can drive your book to a bestseller and continue to bring in healthy passive income every month.Why do book reviews matter?Because of Amazons algorithm, maintaining a steady income of new book reviews is vital for your book to rise in the rankings. Meaning that if you want your book to continue to sell, you need to obtain real and fresh book reviews.This is a breakdown of why book reviews matter:The more reviews you get, the more visibility your book gets. This means more sales and potential organic reviews.You create a stronger relationship with your readersA boatload of reviews adds credibility to your book and brand.Book reviews for your book on Amazon are one of the defining factors that determine if a potential reader will click the BUY NOW button or not. In fact, if your book has less than 10 reviews, there is a strong chance that your book will get passed over.People want validation before purchasing, and the best way to make that decision is on the front of the product page: reviews. Amazon Reviewer GuidelinesYou can find everything you need to know about posting reviews on Amazon right here under the Community Guidelines.Amazon has tightened the ropes on reviews and as an author, you have to be aware of the tactics that are prohibited.Here is what not to do when it comes to g etting book reviews on Amazon:Pay someone to leave a review. This not only goes against Amazons terms, but it could get your book removed from the shelf and your account banned.Offer a free ‘gift’ in exchange for a review. No gifts allowed. This is still considered payment for a review.Join Facebook groups offering book review swaps. These sites are bad news. Amazon prohibits review swapping and is considered gaming the system. The Amazon algorithm can easily trace reviews back to these sources.Offer an Amazon gift card after a review has been published. It works like this: â€Å"You download the book and leave a review, and I will send you a gift card.† Again, this is against policy and is considered paying for a review.Leave a review for an author, then contact that person requesting they leave a review in return. This would be a form blackmail or trapping the other author into guilt. But this doesn’t work and if you receive any such email, inform the ot her author that you don’t work that way. I did this once and they just removed their review.Most of these fall under the label of incentivized reviews, as there is a form of compensation in exchange for a review by Amazon sellers. Amazon has made it their mission to crack down on these on their platform.Whats the Difference Between Verified and Unverified Book Reviews?According to Amazon,an â€Å"Amazon Verified Purchase† review means theyve verified that the person writing the review purchased the product at Amazon and didn’t receive the product at a deep discountProduct reviews that are not marked â€Å"Amazon Verified Purchase† are valuable as well, but we either can’t confirm that the product was purchased at Amazon or the customer did not pay a price available to most Amazon shoppers.Verified reviews are favorable and are social proof that the reader did in fact buy the book and has potentially read through it before posting a review. A verifi ed review shows up as a yellow banner that says â€Å"Verified Purchase, as seen in the example below:For unverified reviews, in most cases, the reviewer received an advance copy of the book and was possibly on a launch team to support the book’s release.While this is still a legit practice for garnering reviews for your book, if the majority of reviews are non-verified, this could affect your potential customer’s decision to buy or not.HowtoGetMoreAmazonBookReviewsThere are many ways to get reviews but searching for reviewers to review your book is a time-consuming process. You could waste precious time chasing bad leads and end up with nothing for your effort.So where do you get reviews without spending hordes of time?No matter how you do it, remember that it isn’t just about quantity but quality as well. While we can’t control what reviewers will say about our work, we can stay focused on writing great content that adds value in order to increase our chances of getting positive reviews.To get Amazon reviews for your next book launch, or to add reviews to an existing book, consider taking action on these following strategies:#1 Build a launch teamThere are many ways to hunt down reviewers for your book. As we have seen, you can contact the top reviewers, target free book review sites, or reach out to book bloggers.These methods, while they may get you a handful of reviews, is time intensive and a lot of work. I have found, after running over two dozen book launches, that the most effective way to get reviews fast on launch is through setting up a launch team.Your launch team is a group of people who have agreed to read your book in advance and follow up with a review immediately after the book is live.When it comes to building a launch team, it is about building relationships over the long term. This is why, in order to run an effective launch team, you should focus on the relationship with your early-bird reviewers.Here is a st ep-by-step process for organizing your team:How to Set Up a Launch Team1. Start building your relationships early. Launch teams don’t just happen. They take work, months of outreaching, and asking the right people if they want to help launch your book when the time is right. You can generate interest by posting snippets of the book on Social media, sharing chapters of your work with your list, and promoting your cover to people.Share your content and advertise your brand. Communicate with people in person and through online channels about your writing. Keep in mind the purpose for this is to make genuine relationships with people and not to just add them to your launch. And most importantly, to make friends with people who read in your niche, so that your book gets recommended alongside the other books they’re reading.2. Create your list of potential reviewers. As you build these relationships with your fanbase, start making a list of people who express interest in joi ning your launch. If you have multiple books and have been through the publishing process already, take note of the readers who have left reviews already.Contact them closer to the launch of your next book to get them on board. Set up an excel spreadsheet and keep track of the names of people who sign up.Action Step:Contact people directly and invite them to the launch team. Keep track of early-bird reviewers in excel.3. Set up an email template through your email server. Add everyone to the list. If you aren’t using an email server yet you can check out Mailchimp, Convert Kit or Mailerlite. Make it as easy as possible so you aren’t wasting time searching for contact information.Send out a welcome email with a link to your book in PDF or/and Mobi form. You can create a folder in Dropbox and just include the link to a shared folder. Make it easy for them to access the material.Action Step: Import your list of emails onto an email server list.4. Send out the Welcome emai l. Ideally you want to send out your book at least two weeks before launch. This gives people enough time to read it through. In the welcome email I include details for the launch date and any other expectations. At this stage the book isn’t live yet so you will send another email on that day with the link.For the book delivery, you can upload a PDF version as well as a Mobi version of the book. To create a MOBI, PDF or EPUB file you can check out the Calibre ebook management software.Heres the difference between EPUB vs MOBI vs PDF so you can choose which to use.After you have all the files ready, you can create a shared folder in Dropbox and share the link with your team.If any top reviewers agreed to leave a review, you absolutely want to message them to follow up.Action Step:Create a welcome email template. Send out your welcome message to the team. Include a link to your book content.5. Send out your ‘Take Action’ email on launch day. Your book is live and i t is time for people to step up. Contact the team on launch day as soon as the book is live. After publishing a book it should take 12-24 hours for Amazon to get it posted. In the email, include a link to your book. More specifically, a link to the review page so that team members can go straight to the page with one click.6. Day 3: Reminder email. I wait 3 days and send out a reminder email. In this email I thank everyone who has left a review and thank people in advance who are still working on the book and haven’t posted yet.7. Final Call: This is the last email I will send out. Similar to the previous email, reminding people the book is live and is ready for a review whenever you are. You can remind your team that book is at a special discounted price if you are launching it at 0.99 or it’s free.8. Contact Your List: If you have a list, this is gold for getting paid downloads and possible reviews. You should contact your list on the first day the book is live and l et people know that the book has just launched. Then, several days later, email them again asking if they had a chance to get into the material. You could add something of value here just to show subscribers how much you value their support. This is the email where I include a ‘leave a review’ invite.These are the steps I use to communicate with my launch team. Generally speaking, if you want 100 reviews for your book, you should aim for at least 200 people.That is a lot of emails but, what I have experienced is that, on average, you are batting a 50% success rate. What happens to those other 50% who don’t review?Heres why some people wont review your book:They didn’t like the book.They forgot to review altogether.They didn’t read the book.They couldn’t be bothered to review.If you can get 20+ reviews on launch after one week you are looking very good. This is enough to get momentum moving and the Amazon algorithm will see that your book is d oing well.#2 Contact Amazon Top ReviewersThere is a list of top 1000 reviewers on Amazon. These people review everything via the Amazon vine program, although certain reviewers target books specifically. If you can get an Amazon Top Reviewer to look at your book, this is well worth it.Check out the Amazon Top Customer Reviewers list. This is a time-consuming process but, if you can get 2-3 reviewers to agree to a book review, you’re all set.Heres how to get more reviews on Amazon with top reviewers:Go into the reviewer’s profile and check the books they have reviewed. To be specific, you want to check for books in your genre. If you wrote a book on weight loss and the reviewer has written most of their reviews for romance novels, it’s a good indication of what they favor. Target the reviewers interested in your topic.Check for contact information. Due to the large volume of spam and requests for reviews, most top reviewers have removed their personal email. If they have a website set up, you can send a direct email to request a review.Wait for a reply. Most reviewers, from my own experience, did not reply. I would recommend targeting 20 reviewers and wait one week. You can then resend the request again.This is a time-consuming process but, if you get a top reviewer to agree to a review, keep that person’s contact information in an excel file. Then, when you launch your next book, you can reach out to them again and again.#3 Book Review SitesThere are a number of sites out there that will find reviewers for your book. This is not the same as buying reviews for your book which, I’ll restate again, goes against Amazon’s review policy and should be avoided.In fact, Amazon has taken action against over 1000 sites on Fiverr that were selling incentivized reviews and fake review services. Yes, avoid.Review services, however, can speed up the process and find reviewers for your book. One of my favorites is BookRazor. It is a paid site but they promote a system of honest reviewers for your book by providing a contact list of potential readers.There are many other sites you can check out as well, and many of them are free while some are paid:Kindle Book ReviewRainbow Book ReviewsKO’s Stuffed ShelfThe Kindle Book Review#4 Include a reminder in your bookHere is a tactic that works well. Did you know that you can include insert a request in your book for readers to leave a review? It’s a great way to invite people to review your book.I have a page at the back of my books that looks like this:What Did You Think of [Your Book Title Here]?First of all, thank you for purchasing this book [Your Book Title Here]. I know you could have picked any number of books to read, but you picked this book and for that I am extremely grateful.I hope that it added at value and quality to your everyday life. If so, it would be really nice if you could share this book with your friends and family by posting to Fa cebook and Twitter.If you enjoyed this book and found some benefit in reading this, I’d like to hear from you and hope that you could take some time to post a review on Amazon. Your feedback and support will help this author to greatly improve his writing craft for future projects and make this book even better.You can follow this link to [Book link here] now.I want you, the reader, to know that your review is very important and so, if you’d like to leave a review, all you have to do is click here and away you go. I wish you all the best in your future success!When you do this, you want to have a link directing customers right back to the review page on Amazon. Make it so easy for them that it requires as little effort as possible.Many authors will include a cute ‘cat photo’ or even pictures of their kids begging asking for a review. This strategy can work well if you sell a large volume of books during the initial launch phase.But remember it takes reader s time to go through your book and so, if you don’t see the reviews appear in the first week, you might get them trickling in weeks or even months later.#5 Relaunch Your BookYou can relaunch your book if book sales drop and the reviews stop coming in. When you relaunch your book, you can put together a new launch team, and even add a new chapter to the book to generate a renewed interest in your book.I have tried this strategy several times in the past year and, by relaunching the book, adding new value to the content, I put together another small launch team of 30-40 people. This brought in another 20+ reviews for a book that was suffering from lack of sales and poor rankings.It happens, so we have to stay on top of keeping the book active.How to Deal with Negative ReviewsGetting positive reviews on your book is a great feeling. In a perfect world, we all want to have just the good stuff when it comes to our review platform. But alas, there will always be that dissatisfied reader that was expecting something much different than what your book was offering.Readers will leave a negative review for various reasons, and in most cases, there is nothing we can do.But first of all, receiving a negative review isn’t the end of the world. In fact, it can lend to a book’s credibility. Look at it from a reader’s perspective. If a book has 100 positive 5-star reviews, although the reviews may be legitimate, we know that not every book is perfect.Having a load of good reviews and nothing that is under three stars could create doubt for the browser, just as having a book with only a handful of reviews turns browsers the other way.While negative reviews aren’t all bad, there are steps we can take to reduce the amount.So how can we prevent our book from getting a lot of negative reviews and turning away potential book sales?Here are four areas to pay attention to:Book quality: the single biggest reason a book will get panned by negative re views is poor quality. This is credited to sloppy editing. A book that is not up to the quality expected by readers will get hit with a high amount of bad reviews. Then, it could get pulled off the shelf by Amazon until the author upgrades to better quality. Make sure your book is up the high standards people expect. Always respect your readers. The book business is like any other business, make good products, and your customers will love you.Inaccurate description of the book: make sure that your book description, title and cover all point towards the theme of the book. If your book is titled, â€Å"How to become rich in 21 days† and, after reading through the book the reader isn’t rich, well, they bought the book because of the promise you made. So, if reading a book delivers a negative outcome for your audience, someone is going to shout about it in a review.Your book is a sales pitch for your other products. If there is one thing that readers don’t like, it is being hit up with offers and the push to check out other services or products in the book. This could come across as spammy and devalues the content that the readers paid for. While your goal may be to use the book to attract customers for your online business, you want to avoid any sales pitches in the book.How to Write and Submit a ReviewWriting a review for a book you like is a great way to drive potential readers to the title. If you read a great book recently and you want to tell people about it, you can take a few minutes to write up a positive review.Writing a review is easy. Just go to the book’s front page and, under the heading Customer Reviews, you will see a button for write a customer review. Click on that and you will be taken to a page set up for ‘Your Reviews’ where you can write reviews for your purchases.What you do is:Select the rating of the book from 1-5 stars, with 5 being the best score.Write your book description in the box provided. Ke ep in mind that if you leave this page before submitting your review, you’ll have to start over again. I would recommend writing the review first in Word or Evernote and then copy and paste.Create a headline for the review.Hit submit. Your review will go live within a couple of hours, although it could take up to 24 hours.One point to note here is that, with Amazon’s policy for posting reviews, you have to have an account that has made a purchase of at least $50 using a valid credit or debit card.Checklist for Getting Amazon Book ReviewsIf you follow these steps, youll be able to get more book reviews and in turn, sell more books.Set up a launch team for your book. Send your team a PDF/MOBI/EPUB file and follow up with email right up until launch. Follow up with several reminders after the launch.Include a ‘Review Request’ page at the back of your book. Insert the link taking customers directly to the review page. Make it so easy they don’t have to search around for the book on Amazon.Contact Amazon Top Reviewers. Send a personalized email to each, targeting the people who review books similar to your genre. Wait at least two weeks before following up.Contact people in your business. This doesn’t include friends and family. Contact professionals in your field who would be willing to read the book with the possibility of leaving an honest review.Hire a site that specializes in finding honest reviewers for your book. I recommend BookRazor.Relaunch your book. Add more content, a new book cover, or make it appealing for people to join your relaunch of an existing book. You can relaunch a book as many times as you want.There are a lot of strategies out there to get reviews for your books, most are legit, and some are not. As an author, make sure you are aware of what Amazon considers to be authentic reviews when it comes to gathering reviews for your next book, and steer clear of anything it considers to be incentivized revi ews.If a site promises to get you positive reviews in return for cash, stay away. It isnt worth it, trust me. Keep hunting and adding reviews to your book.Book reviews are the secret sauce to adding value and credibility to your work, boosting sales and making your book stick on the bestseller lists. Dont skimp out on them.Its Time for Your FREE TrainingOne of the easiest and most natural ways to get good book reviews is to write a book worthy of them.Heres how you can learn to do that.

Management of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Management of change - Essay Example The rationale for this study, as well as the summary of the literature findings shall also be set forth. The change proposal shall then be laid out and the steps in the implementation process shall also be explained based on the change management framework developed by Lewin. Based on the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008), a nurse is obligated to deliver the best and the highest standard of care at all times. More specifically, they are called on to deliver care, according to the best available evidence and best practice; and they must also ensure that the advice they are giving to their patient, in terms of healthcare products and services, is based on evidence (NMC, 2008). There are numerous evidences which are often made available to nurses for use in their practice. For which reason, it is important for nurses to be knowledgeable and skilled in the critical evaluation of evidence and ensure that the evidence they would choose to support and apply in their practice would b e the best (Spector, 2007, p. 1). For the purpose of this essay, the definition of evidence-based practice by Sackett, Straus, Richardson, Rosenberg, and Haynes shall be adapted. They define the practice as â€Å"the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values† (Sackett, Straus, Richardson, Rosenberg, and Haynes, 2000, p. 71). ... based practice therefore considers the role of the patient in the planning and conceptualisation of their care (Pipe, Wellik, Buchda, Hansen, and Martin, 2005). The nurses have to include and consider patient preferences in relation to the best evidence available and apply such to the planning process. Critics like Mullen and Streiner, however, are not supportive of EBP, contending that it prevents the application of the most effective treatment for the patient. They point out that EBP does not â€Å"fit the realities of individualised, contextualized practice, especially nonmedical practice wherein problems are less well defined (Mullen and Streiner, 2004, p. 133). They also emphasised that there are often many limitations in the methods of research in the systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Moreover, concern has been expressed on how evidence-based research can be conceptualised when competing elements like public opinion and resource limitations affect policy-making (Mullen and Streiner, 2004, p. 133). On the other hand, health practitioners are quick to point out that EBP is about being guided by the best available evidence. This means that absent available randomised controlled trials without design flaws, trials which have limitations can be used instead (Mullen and Streiner, 2004, p. 133). In effect, health practitioners and users of health services must be cautious about the risks and benefits when the evidence for decisions are made apparent, even if this would mean that there is not much evidence supporting the different choices (Mullen and Streiner, 2004, p. 133). Proponents of EBP also point out that even as the realities of practice may be far removed from the behaviour and practical aspects of the clinical practice, there is merit in considering the

The Twitter IPO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Twitter IPO - Essay Example One of the social media giants Facebook is also listed on Nasdaq but there are several reasons being put forward by Twitter for such a stance. One of the most prominent reasons for Twitter to avoid Nasdaq is the not so successful IPO of the Facebook. As many witnessed the glitches which made the Facebook suffer. There were many delays and technical problems. The systems of the Nasdaq did not go through well and it was a mess on the first day of the opening. The IPO is likely to take place late in 2013 or early 2014. The pundits are predicting figures above a billion dollars that is expected to bring in about for the social network website. There are several other factors for such decision. The trend of tech companies is quite high and many are thinking of a potential listing. Twitter also considers this a great time when the trends are hot and looking to avail such opportunity. A return of 28% has been recorded for tech IPOs this year and is the second best after the 51% of the healt h sector as being reported by morning star. As Paul Brad, an analyst with Renaissance Capital states tech companies are one of the strongest areas of the IPO market to date.2 Such decision is also likely to have impact on the wide range of stakeholders of the Twitter. This could well be related to the Legitimacy Theory which states that organizations take influence of their social and external environment (Tilling). This could well be seen here as Twitter also follows the social norms, beliefs and values that are currently prevailing in the industry. Many tech companies are trying to obtain listing. So does Twitter follow the footsteps of them and one of the influence or inspiration could be the IPO of the Facebook. The writer suggests that there are basically two levels of the theory; one is institutional level which involves government and other bodies in a wider context and the other one is organizational level in which the companies such as Twitter falls (Tilling). At this level organizations try to seek approval from the society in pursuit of their own goals. However, if they succeed they remain in existence otherwise they face dire consequences and fight for their survival. Once organizations expand and their operations become widely spread and they get acceptance from the society, there comes another responsibility on them. This can be of relevance with the Stakeholder Theory. The theory suggests that the vary existence of organizations is to create value for their shareholders over time.3 If setting aside the other ethical obligations of an organization; the core objectives of the organizations are to maximize the shareholders’ wealth. But then comes a range of stakeholders with different set of goals and expectations. It is the duty of the organizations to keep a balance between such stakeholders (Reynolds, Frank and David, 2006). Twitter here is also expanding its stakeholder on a large scale now. From previously, their main stakeholders were only the users of their website but now upon obtaining listing they will have the responsibility to serve a wide range of stakeholders. From shareholders to users to wider society at large. They will also be liable to some ethical practices and transparent disclosures. Latest acquisition of Staples In the latest news, it has been reported that the Staples has acquired Runa, a San Mateo, California based Start-up Company whose business is specialization and personalization in e-commerce technology.4 The biggest factor of such a decision was that Staples wanted to boost up its on-line sales in order to compete with Amazon and other tech advanced companies in the e-commerce space. The chairman and CEO of Staples, an office supplies

Documentary Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Documentary - Personal Statement Example (Rosenthal 1996, 31-35) So while the genre title 'f 'documentary' is a useful one for Video Store owners, the conventions and styles used by documentary filmmakers vary so greatly that the term documentary really does not give the viewer much 'f an idea as to what to expect from their viewing experience. One mode 'f documentary is the institutional documentary. Institutional documentary is, in its most generic meaning, a documentary that is financially and legally supported, and more often than not, ethically regulated by the organisation that funds the project. Because 'f this, there is no one film maker behind the documentary who has creative control, as the institution funding the project is primarily concerned with documenting it's cause and this drives the content and often the style 'f presentation. The style 'f these documentaries are not really exciting and do not rely on dramatisation, rather they rely on using the power 'f the content to influence the viewer. This may make the documentary less interesting to watch but what we must realise in institutional documentary is that the institution is driven by a desire to convey a strong message but often limited by a strict budget. This leaves no room for special effects or extra scenes that may not be cost efficient, even if th ey may the documentary more 'entertaining'. The documentary film Facing the Music directed by Bob Conolly, a part observational and part performative documentary, is an example 'f an Institutionalised documentary. Concepts 'f the institution, the issue 'f funding and sponsorship, the questions 'f authority and resistance are all enmeshed in this documentary. The documentary follows the protagonist, Ann Boyd as she fights against the system that ultimately aims to destroy the music department at the University 'f Sydney. The directors in this case follow the institution 'f the Music Department, and document on what they see happening from their perspective. (Rabiger 1998, 1-7; Bruzzi 2000, 15-17) The film did not have a large budget and relies heavily on presenting the talents 'f the musicians studying at the University, and the passion and determination 'f Boyd to influence the viewer to see that the department should receive funding to continue to develop these amazing talents. The film moves slowly, does not make use 'f spec ial effects and relies heavily on content to influence the viewer. The content 'f the film is driven by the Music Department's desperate need for funding and aims to show the viewer just how important this Institution is. The film's purpose very much influences its style. While Institutional documentary is one form 'f documentary film, it differs greatly from other modes 'f documentary. Self Reflexivity is also another principle 'f documentary. It is defined as "any aspect 'f a film which points toward its own process 'f production" So since we are aware 'f the processes through out the documentary that created it, such as camera equipment in view, the voice 'f a person behind the camera to an interviewee or anything that points towards this aspect, it in fact makes the Documentary feel more

Marketing Mix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Mix - Essay Example According to Peterson, the best way to market a brushless car washer in Terre Haute is by using the media houses, for instance, the television networks. Since television is a common property in most regions, the wash can be marketed through this means by simply airing the whole advertisement on the local television network so that people can view the operations of the device and make purchases (Peterson). As the business to business, B2B, deals with the delivery of goods and services between different business units targeting large market opportunities, business to consumer, B2C, deals with the provision of these goods and services to from the business unit to the other consumers targeting smaller customer bases. Â  Besides, as B2B operations create their identity through the personal branding often created over time following a multiple of steps, the B2C enterprises create this through long-term imagery initiated stepwise (Peterson). The factors that affect business in Terre Haute are both from within and from without and include; the national politics and legal affairs of a country which contributes in creating an enabling environment for the businesses to operate fully, the socio-economic factors such as the availability of capital as well as the people's beliefs concerning certain goods traded on which actually determines the consumer trends. The other factor is technological adoption which determines the rate and quality of the products released to the market consequently affecting the consumer trends.

Cime criminology and modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cime criminology and modernity - Essay Example When a bank makes a mortgage loan it is balancing risk with probability of repayment in an attempt to maximize profits. Firms engaged in international trade may hold reserves in a variety of currencies to minimize the risk of currency fluctuations. In each of these examples the company in question is trying to minimize risk. The following discussion will focus on the emerging term of risk management and risk minimization in the context of criminology. Initially, the term will be defined. Then the development of the concept will be outlined. Subsequently, the implications of the emergence of the risk minimization paradigm will be explored. Finally, a concluding section will examine the broadest implications of risk minimization for criminology and the future of the view of criminology as the art and science of reducing risk. Risk Management Defined More recently, the term has been adopted by the criminology field. In criminology risk management focuses on assessing the risk to society a given-offender presents and allowing that assessment to define the response of the criminal justice system. For example, offenders identified as the greatest risk to re-offend are treated more harshly and incarcerated or most closely supervised. Those presenting less of a risk are less closely supervised. The idea is to target the majority of resources and interventions at those most likely to act anti-socially in the future. Risk management is deemed to be a useful tool for determining the allocation of resources in the criminal justice system and a useful tool for determining the level of intervention (incarceration, length of incarceration, supervision, and level of supervision) necessary for a given offender. According to Kropp and Kropp (2002) risk management is prevention oriented approach as it attempts to match interventions with the level of risk (of recidivism) that individuals present.2 They define risk assessment as â€Å"the process of speculating in an informed way about the aggressive acts a person might commit and to determine the steps that should be taken to prevent those acts and minimize their negative consequences.†3 In criminological terms seeks to match resources to needs in an effort to minimize risk to society by matching intervention to the likelihood of an individual to commit future anti-social, violent or criminal acts. Robert S Cormier provides a useful summary of the range of contemporary risk assessment:4 Risk assessment has been commonly used to classify offenders in order to place them in suitable levels of institutional security.... Assessments are also done to assist in decisions regarding when and under what conditions an offender might be released from prison into the community, and are used to determine the appropriate treatment interventions and the level of supervision required to maintain an offender safely in the community. Risk assessment is the measurement tool, risk management is the act of pairing interv ention to level of need, and risk minimization is the objective of the risk management school of criminology. The Origins of Risk Management Kropp and Kropp acknowledge that risk management in criminology was initially crude, impoverished and inaccurate.5 Historically, â€Å"

Marketing Mix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Mix - Essay Example According to Peterson, the best way to market a brushless car washer in Terre Haute is by using the media houses, for instance, the television networks. Since television is a common property in most regions, the wash can be marketed through this means by simply airing the whole advertisement on the local television network so that people can view the operations of the device and make purchases (Peterson). As the business to business, B2B, deals with the delivery of goods and services between different business units targeting large market opportunities, business to consumer, B2C, deals with the provision of these goods and services to from the business unit to the other consumers targeting smaller customer bases. Â  Besides, as B2B operations create their identity through the personal branding often created over time following a multiple of steps, the B2C enterprises create this through long-term imagery initiated stepwise (Peterson). The factors that affect business in Terre Haute are both from within and from without and include; the national politics and legal affairs of a country which contributes in creating an enabling environment for the businesses to operate fully, the socio-economic factors such as the availability of capital as well as the people's beliefs concerning certain goods traded on which actually determines the consumer trends. The other factor is technological adoption which determines the rate and quality of the products released to the market consequently affecting the consumer trends.

Economiccs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economiccs - Essay Example This means that if resources will be allocated to take care of the young children from disadvantaged environments, the benefits will not only be for the children but for the whole society as well. This can be analyzed through data about the education and the human skills as major factors to determine productivity. Education as a public good when made available to all children can decrease the inequity in the society as it reduces academic and societal difficulties in the future. And through education, skills could be acquired. These skills could help achieve productivity both in the workplace and in the society. Children who were able to go to school will learn and acquire skills that they can use for jobs in the future. In the long run, unemployment and problems brought by it like crimes can be reduced. This is because returns of such investments cannot be realized directly during the present time. The changing trends in the labor markets can also contribute to the inefficiencies th at are present in the economy. The emergence of new technologies has raised the demand for highly skilled workers who are qualified to use them (Heckman and Masterov, 7).

Special Needs Rule Criminal Evidence Essay Example for Free

Special Needs Rule Criminal Evidence Essay This week we were giving the following scenario and ask to decide if this incident follows in the special needs rule and if it justify the officer’s search of the parked car’s trunk without probable cause? In this essay I will be discussing the special needs rule and my thoughts on the scenario. First of all let me start by giving the scenario we were given to work on this week that way you have a better idea of what’s going on. A police officer was investigating a burglary during which a handgun had been stolen. The police officer was at the time also acting as the police advisor to a high school. School officials called the officer and told him that the gun might be in the trunk of a students car parked in the school parking lot. Next let me explain the special needs rule that way you have a clear understanding of what it means. This is when an officer feels that he or someone else is in danger and must satisfy a government interest beyond ordinary criminal wrong doing. Just so you understand what it means here an example .A officer goes to a call for domestic dispute and other people in house start acting sapience and he spots a gun near one of the resident’s then he may search house and retained everyone till the house is cleared for his safety and other. In the above scenario I believe the officer has full rights to search the said vehicle do to the facts as listed. The first cause would be guns are not permitted on school grounds and I believe it his duty to see to it that it not goanna be used to commit a crime against students on campus. Last of all I believe no student should have a gun in a vehicle without being legal age and having proper carriage licenses. I believe that the officer has all right to believe that there is a crime is being committed if said school officials have proof that there is cause to believe student has gun. My personal thoughts if this officer was made aware and didn’t check it  out as a parent I would be upset. For several reason but mostly due to fact that he could have put mine and other children in harm’s way. I believe it always better to be safe than sorry due to how bad the school shootings have got. I feel if we could get guns out of our kids hands then we should and authorizes should help. Well now that this is said I hope you find my points and thought to be helpful and honest. I have really enjoyed learning about this special need rule and believe that officer have become so afraid of being wrong that they don’t exercise this rule enough. As a officer wife I know I would rather my husband be safe and keep his oath to protect than to have a guilty conscience’s. Reference’s that I found useful: 1. www.enotes.com//consider-following-scenario-police-officer-was-260 2. www.policemag.com/channel/patrol//10/public-school-searches.aspx 3. www.legalupdateonline.com/4th/587 4. I also talk with Officer Luke Denning of Springfield Police Department of Springfield, FL

Product Strategy And Management Jet Airways

Product Strategy And Management Jet Airways On a bright sunny morning of May 2011, Naresh Goyal, the founder chairman of Jet Airways was going through the financial reports for the year ended March 2011 while having his regular cup of coffee. Jet Airways had posted losses for the quarter ended March 11 while it had posted a meager profit of 9.69 crores for the FY11 after three years of consecutive losses. The company was thinking of ways to bring the airlines back into consistent profit-making ways. The company currently offered three brands of airline services: the premium service- Jet and the low cost models- JetLite and JetKonnect. The companys main competitor in the premium space was Air India and Kingfisher while it had a lot of competitors in the low cost carrier segment. JetLite had contributed 75% to the groups domestic revenue in the June quarter but a lot of questions were raised about the logic behind operating two low cost models at the same time when such intense competition was there in the segment. Naresh Goyal had to take a decision soon about the future that his company should take in relation to these low cost models. Indian Airlines Industry Pre-liberalization Era At the time of independence in India, there were eight companies were in service within and outside the country namely Tata Airlines (renamed as Air India), Indian National Airways, Air service of India, Deccan Airways, Ambica Airways, Bharat Airways and Mistry Airways. In 1953, the government nationalized the airlines via the Air Corporations Act, 1953, which gave birth to Indian Airlines and Air India. Indian Airlines came into being with the merger of eight domestic airlines to operate domestic services, while Air India International was to operate the overseas services. Furthermore, the Act gave monopoly power to Indian Airlines to operate on domestic scheduled services ruling out any other operator. Air India became the single Indian carrier to operate on international itinerary excluding some routes to the neighboring countries which were given to Indian Airlines. Liberalization and Private Players Entry The services offered by the two state-owned airlines were not up to the mark. So, in the early 1990s, Indian government initiated liberalisation of Indian airlines industry and relaxation in rules and regulations for private players to operate in this industry. As a consequence to this the Air Corporations Act was repealed in 1994 and private players were allowed to operate scheduled services. In 1995, Air Sahara, Jet Airways, Damania Airways, East West Airlines, Modiluft and NEPC Airways were granted scheduled carrier status. But only four operators- Jet Airways, Air Sahara, Jagsons and Spicejet (previously operated as Modiluft) started operations by 1997 and continued to operate. Eventually, by 1998, at least six private airlines, East- West, Modi-Luft, NEPC, Damania, Gujarat Airways and Span Air were closed. The arrival of private players in the aviation industry improved the services offered by the players as competition created an incentive to improve services offered. By 2003, only two private carriers survived to see the sunrise of the new century, i.e. Jet and Sahara. The survival of Jet Airways could be attributed to its sound financial planning and extraordinary management team since its inception. Arrival of Low Cost Carriers In 2003, a major breakthrough happened in the airlines industry when Air Deccan started its operations as Indias first Low Cost Career (LCC). The arrival of Air Deccan gave competition to the extant duopoly of Jet Airways and Sahara Airlines. It also changed the fare structure in the industry from two-way economy and business class fares into multiple options of including check fares, web fares, APEX fares, internet auctions, Special discounts, corporate plans, last day fares, promotional fares etc. Since the entry of Air Deccan, the passenger traffic in the airlines industry has grown tremendously. In the next two years, Kingfisher, Spice Jet, Indigo, Go Air and Paramount also started as LCCs in India. The consolidation phase in the Indian Airlines Industry In 2007, Jet acquired Sahara, Kingfisher acquired Air Deccan and Indian Airlines and Air India were merged to form a single entity named Air India. A comparative account of aircraft movements, passenger count and freight in the first quarter of 2011-12 over that of the previous year is given in Exhibit 1. Company History Jet Airways Company founder Naresh Goyal completed his graduation in Commerce in 1967 and joined the travel business at the age of 18 as a general sales agent (GSA) for the Lebanese International Airlines. From 1967 to 1974 he learnt the intricacies of the travel business through his association with several foreign airlines. In May 1974, he formed his own company, Jetair (Private) Limited, to market other foreign airlines in India. When the Indian government reopened the domestic aviation market to private carriers, it provided an opportunity to Goyal who established Jet Airways (India) Private Limited in 1991. On April 1, 1992, Jet Airways was incorporated as an air-taxi operator in India. It started out its domestic operations on 5th May 1993. With an initial fleet comprising of 4 leased Boeing 737 aeroplanes, Jetairways soon expanded to include international operations with its maiden international flight from Chennai to Colombo. Jet presently connects 52 domestic destinations. Jet strengthened its position as the airline for the business community considerably during 90s. 80%of its passengers were business class passengers who chose its services because of its punctuality and excellent service. 95% of its passengers rated the airline as good or excellent. In March 2004, Jet Airways acquired license to fly over international routes and it presently connects 24 international destinations. Formation of JetLite and JetKonnect On 12 April 2007, Jet acquired Air Sahara for USD 340 million. Air Sahara was renamed as JetLite and was positioned to serve the segment that was emerging to be new customers of airline services offered at low prices. During the recession of 2008, Jet was facing falling revenues. Hence it decided to allocate some of its aircraft from Jet Airways to cater to the LCC segment as purchasing power of people was low at that time. There were regulatory delays in transferring aircrafts from Jet Airways to JetLite as these two had different operator codes. On 8 May 2009, Jet Airways launched a new low-cost brand called Jet Konnect to operate on sectors that had less than 50% or less load factor. Competitive Landscape In the phase from 2003-2006, the entry of Air Deccan marked a new point in Indian aviation: India had its first low cost/no frills airline. By matching aircraft fares with upper class railway fares, this was an era where passenger traffic went up and intense competition among the players started. Spurred by the success of Air Deccan, other LCCs such as Spicejet, Indigo, GoAir began operations. Air Deccan was acquired by Kingfisher airlines and became the LCC called Kingfisher Red. Some of the major players providing competition to Jet today are Indigo and SpiceJet. Kingfisher, which once used to be a tough competitor in the non-LCC segment is now a very weak competitor. Indigo Currently, this LCC is the market leader and the only profitable airline service in India. Their main focus is on on-time performance and service which are main consumer needs. Through this and a whole host of cost cutting measures, they have ensures that they remain profitable. The airline is on an expansion mode to other major cities of the country as well as international destinations. Indigo scores better than the low cost JetLite and JetKonnect on the service dimension. In terms of communication, Indigo ads focus mainly on their own time performance and the hassle-free experience. To break the ad clutter, Indigo differentiated its ads: it came up with an innovative ad picturised on the form of a Broadway musical. The ad also showed uniformed stewards and air hostesses in Indigos blue uniform which was a great way to portray their brand identity.  [1]   Kingfisher Owned by Vijay Mallya, its the most flamboyant airline in India and fares much better than Jet in terms of in flight and on ground services. It is a major luxury airline operating an extensive network and had expansion plans for regional and long-haul services. Currently, it is in bad financial health due to which its flights have been plagued by delays and as a consequence, its image has taken a severe beating. In terms of communication, Flying High was the tagline used in the Kingfisher video ad2 that exhibited liberation and flying through its picturization2. Kingfisher was positioned as a luxury brand and this was conveyed clearly through the video. However, similar to Jet, Kingfisher didnt release any video ad for the low cost carrier (Kingfisher Red) it started operating after acquiring Air Deccan. The luxury positioning of Kingfisher, which resulted in confusion when Red started operations, was one of the factors that was leading to its growing unpopularity. Its future, at least in Goyals point of view, looked bleak. Hence he focussed more on other competitors while strategizing for the future of Jet. SpiceJet It is Indias second largest low cost airline and third largest in terms of market share. It was originally started as Modiluft airways back in 1993 in partnership with Lufthansa. Over the years, it changed hands and got rebranded as SpiceJet and operates as a low cost carrier. SpiceJets communication focuses on the main attributes of the airline: service to unaccompanied minors, option of choosing your own seat etc. But, these features fall either in the categories of basic/performance attributes that any airline should have. SpiceJet hasnt taken any measures in their service to upgrade these features to the excitement category so as to be differentiated from other players. Tipping points in the history Sahara acquisition Spreading wings In year 2005-06, when Air Sahara was exploring the opportunities for private placements of its equity, several airlines like SpiceJet and Kingfisher showed their interest for stake in the company. However the deal couldnt be made because Kingfisher thought the price set was too high given the not so strong financials of Sahara. Later, Jet Airways came into the picture and showed strong interest in buying out the airline. This merger had several strategical objectives behind it: Jet will have a strong position in the Indian Airline industry with almost 50% of the market share. Jet would become the only private carrier to fly international with no competition for 3 years because other carriers were relatively new. And as per regulations, it would have needed minimum of 3 years of domestic operation before going international. Jet would have a complete dominance of parking bays and airport infrastructure. Jet could now easily increase its capacity without expanding supply. The merger happened in 2007 and Jet Airways branded Air Sahara as JetLite and positioned it as low cost carrier to compete against low cost carrier at that time. If we look at this merger strategy from Ansoffs matrix framework, we can say that the move was more of Diversification strategy. This can be justified by the fact that JetLite was positioned as low cost carrier as a new product for Jet (Jet was known as full cost carrier) and they targeted new market segment which was low cost. However, this turning point for Jet proved to be too costly as it moved from a profit-making airline to a loss-maker and hasnt recovered yet. (Refer Exhibit 2 for sales and profit trends). Jet Konnect Another Jet brand In year 2009, when Indian economy was not doing well, the international operations of Indian airlines were affected too. At the same time, Jet Airways was facing stiff competition from low cost carriers and JetLite was not doing well in the domestic market with just around 7% of market share. Thus in the same year, Jet launched low cost brand named Jet Konnect to fight with the low cost carriers on routes with higher passenger load factor. Instead of expanding the existing brand JetLite, the decision to establish a new subsidiary was to avoid the regulatory delays associated with moving excess aircraft from Jet Airways to JetLite which had separate operating codes. Jet Konnect offered no-frill services. Almost 3 years after its introduction, positioning of Jet Konnect seems to be working for the fact that 70% of all the seats that Jet sells in the domestic market come from Jet Konnect itself. But even after the introduction of JetKonnect, the company has been making losses. Thus, though Jet Konnect strategy may have helped Jet to retain its market share near 28%, clearly it failed to make a long term business plan. Issues- Increasing Sales; Decreasing Profits The financials indicate that sales have been increasing throughout the past 12 years, but the profits have not followed the trend. The company which had started to make increasing and positive profits since the internationalization of its operations in 2004, started showing declining profits that soon dwindled into losses after the acquisition of Air Sahara. Recovery from the losses has been very slow. Goyal wondered if this was because of the inability of transferring the synergies from Jets primary business of full service to no-frills service. Brand Confusion Goyal also wondered if having two low-cost brands was a good idea, as it could have possibly led to people not being able to differentiate between JetLite and JetKonnect. At the time of inception of JetKonnect it had seemed like the best option possible to earn revenues in a slowing market and it had to be implemented quickly without waiting for the settlement of legal issues of including Jets fleet under JetLites name. But now, thinking back, Goyal wondered if he had moved too fast. Brand Dilution Jet used to be considered a premium brand offering full services. With the extension of the name Jet to the new no-frills brands JetLite and JetKonnect, Goyal wondered if there has been a dilution in the brands equity. Ideally, JetLite and JetKonnect were meant to be downgraded versions of Jet. Did the market perceive it this way? Or was Jet being seen as an upgraded version of the low-cost carriers (and thus occupying only a second place in the mindspace of the consumer)? Has the extension resulted in cannibalization of Jet? The way forward- Alternatives Entry into LCC segment had started off the loss-making phase for Jet and the introduction of a new LCC brand hadnt helped the company make positive profits. If the LCC segment were to be still operated by Jet, streamlining the product portfolio of the group to offer the guests a single superior in-flight product in the full-service and low-fare categories respectively was the only viable option as seen in the alternatives he jotted down to be discussed with his strategy team. Merge JetLite and Jet Konnect; brand it as JetLite. Merge JetLite and Jet Konnect; brand it as Jet Konnect. Merge JetLite and Jet Konnect; brand it as a different new brand. Exit the Low Cost Carrier segment to overcome brand dilution. The next day, he put forth these to the team and asked for a solution to the issue at hand and a suggestion for the way forward. Analysis- Arriving at a solution After the meeting with Goyal, the strategy team split themselves into sub-groups: one analyzing the communications of Jets brands and one conducting market research to understand peoples brand associations with respect to Jet. They aimed to view the current position of the brands with respect to the value as well as price perceived by the market. Communications of Jets brands Jet Airways A set of formal ads was released in 2007, without any celebrity attraction [  [2]  ]. These ads focussed on the various attributes featured in the three classes of air travel, without any voice-over. The tagline used was Change the way you fly. This was followed by a set of TV Commercials (storyboards in Exhibit 3) released in 2008, starring Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan, for the First Class, Premiere Class and Economy Class of Jet Airways. The airline was positioned as a service-oriented one that took care of the little things that add to the good experience of the customer. In addition, there were hoardings speaking about connectivity as well as reinforcing the taglines of the video advertisements. An interesting case in point was when Kingfisher took an ambush initiative and put up a hoarding over Jets hoarding (that spoke about Jet having changed and asking people to visit their site to know more); Kingfisher took credit saying that it was responsible for the change. This was followed by GoAirs ambush of Kingfisher and Jet, by putting up a hoarding on top of the two existing hoardings, saying that they havent changed and still remain the smartest way to fly. This campaign resulted in publicity for all three brands. JetLite JetKonnect Not much of advertising was done for these two brands- a possible reason for the confusion between the two, prevailing among people. A few print ads for JetKonnect were released when the airline was introduced (Ref. Exhibit 4-a). One of them had personnel wearing the same attire as Jet Airways personnel. This was aimed at reinforcing the good service quality in JetKonnect (by linking it to the service of Jet Airways) but it resulted in brand dilution and cannibalization of Jet Airways, when a low cost carrier (JetKonnects ads spoke about Low Fares) was perceived to offer an equally good service. The print ad of JetLite (Ref. Exhibit 4-b) reinforced the low-cost feature by displaying the price (Rs. 1001) prominently, for a few domestic routes. Brand Associations Depth Interviews- Depth interviews conducted across six people in the age group of 22-27 who had travelled by Jet Airways, JetLite and JetKonnect. This segment was chosen because they would be part of the major class of air travellers in the coming decades. Questions were posed (Ref. Exhibit 5) to understand their requirements from airlines services and their views on the three brands that Jet had. The respondents could be classified into two major categories: Those who expect comfortable travel and service quality and are willing to pay for these Those who are very price-conscious and do not care much for service The people in the former category associated Jet with comfortable travel and thus preferred it for long journeys; those in the latter category did not associate anything exceptionally good with Jet. Some even felt that they were too high priced for the quality of service they offered. None of the people interviewed had seen the advertisements of Jet Airways with Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan starring in them. Some recalled seeing hoardings that spoke about good connectivity and some recalled the attire of the personnel and the logo. All the interviewed people used the online mode of checking prices via sites like makemytrip.com, yatra.com or cleartrip.com. Booking was made by some people at the respective airlines website while it was done by some others at the price checking portal. All were aware of the Jet Privilege Card program but only one was a user of it. Punctuality was a key expected attribute by all interviewees and all gave a positive feedback about IndiGo on that aspect. Jets brands were seen to be neither significantly good nor significantly bad with respect to punctuality. The comfort and quality-sensitive people gave Jet Airways a higher rating than JetLite or JetKonnect, while the price-sensitive people rated JetLite and JetKonnect over Jet Airways. No difference was perceived or observed between JetLite and JetKonnect. Is Jet an upgraded version of JetLite/Konnect (or) is JetLite/Konnect a downgraded version of Jet? From the customers ticket purchase behaviour (all of them used makemytrip.com or cleartrip.com or the likes), it was seen that they would first be shown the cheapest flights first (which is how those sites are programmed to function). Hence, a typical customer would first see JetLite / JetKonnects prices and then see the incremental price to be paid for Jet and then compare the price versus quality / extra features received from the full-service airline. Thus, it was observed that the LCC brands were becoming the anchor brands and Jet was seen as an upgrade. This was substantiated further in the analysis of a survey that was conducted (as explained below). A low-cost carrier being seen as an anchor brand is degenerative to the parent brand as brand dilution occurs and people associate even the parent with the LCCs attributes. Survey A survey (Ref. Exhibit 8 for the survey) of air travellers was conducted to identify the importance of various attributes to people and the rating of airlines on those attributes (Ref. Exhibit 6). This helped arrive at the Market Perceived Quality (MPQ) and Market Perceived Price (MPP) of the airlines relative to one another, which aided our comparative analysis and inferences regarding brand perceptions. Weight attached to attributes The attributes, in the order of importance, was seen to fall into 3 buckets. The first bucket has punctuality with a highest weightage of 21%. The second bucket has flight connectivity, baggage allowance and flight crews attitude, all with weights around 17-18%. The third bucket contains food-on board and in-flight entertainment with weights around 13-14%. (Ref. Exhibit 6-a). Punctuality has always been of paramount importance in any mode of transport. However, the interesting thing is the reduced weights given to the third bucket this was a direct result of the communication strategies followed by the low-cost carriers. Existence of Brand Confusion An MPQ as well as MPP analysis of JetLite versus JetKonnect throws up a score of 1.00, implying that there is no perceivable difference in the minds of the customer in terms of the two brands, leading to brand confusion and dilution. JetLite-Jet: Quality versus Price MPQ analysis (Ref Exhibit 6-e) of JetLite versus Jet shows that JetLite is only 89% of Jet with respect to quality, whereas an MPP (Ref Exhibit 6-f) analysis shows that Jetlites perceived price is 97% of that of Jet. Heence, people can easily perceive Jet to be priced only marginally higher than JetLite for a relatively better offer of quality. Hence they think that Jet is an upgraded version of JetLite. Indigo- Better Quality than Jet MPQ analysis of Jet versus IndiGo shows that Jet is marginally perceived to be of a lower quality than IndiGo, despite Jet being a full-service airline and IndiGo being a no-frills airline. This is indicative of the fact that people perceive punctuality (in which IndiGo excels) to be a very important quality. Thus a relatively new airline has managed to change the weight attached by people to punctuality, by showing them the value it can create for them by offering it. Perceptual Maps Also, based on the interview and survey responses, perception maps were constructed for airlines in India (Ref. Exhibit 7). It is seen that IndiGo offers very good price-value performance with respect to the top three attributes that people expect in airline service. No carrier operated in the Premium price-high connectivity quadrant, as it was not economical to offer full-service over short routes (that offer high / direct connectivity). Current brand name connotations (Lite signifies that it is a stripped down version of Jet; gives a negative connotation to the customer that he/she is losing some services of the original Jet airways) + (Gives the reliability of the parent brand, and the extension Konnect tries to point out to an additional attribute of connectivity, which according to the survey is highly valued) n/a (A name which would not include Jet in it) n/a Parent brand enhancement (A premium product and a stripped down product with the same brand name will lead to dilution) (A premium product and a stripped down product with the same brand name will lead to dilution) + (A name which would not include Jet in it; being a completely independent thing it would not tarnish Jets image with a low cost tag) + (Exiting from the LCC segment and just concentrating on the traditional segment completely eliminates the chances of brand dilution) Anchoring in the mind of the customer -Jet Airways versus LCC brand name (Jet is seen as the upgraded version of Jetlite (the perceived anchor, as shown in the analysis- Ref Exhibit 6-e,f)) (Jet is seen as the upgraded version of Jetkonnect, which is perceived to be the same as JetLite, (LCC is the perceived anchor, as shown in the analysis- Ref Exhibit 6-e,f)) + (With the LCC not having Jet in its brand name the first customer contact with Jet happens with Jet Airways and hence Jet remains the anchor brand) + (Completely exiting LCC, eliminates the whole threat of being anchored as a low-priced brand in customers mind) Recommendations by the strategy team The evaluation of the options indicates that the 3rd option (Merge Jetlite Jetkonnect; spin off with a new brand name) is the most viable, as it scores positively on all criteria. Currently the brands of jet are positioned as in Fig- 2. This can be modified to create a positioning map such that there are two different brands that are clearly separated, with distinct brand names that do not result in brand dilution or confusion. The positioning should be as in Fig-3: cid:[emailprotected] Fig 3: Current Jet Situation Fig 3: Jet after brand fusion Operational Recommendations for both brands of the company Punctuality- This is the most important attribute to the customers. Hence this has to be provided by both the full-service as well as the low-cost service airlines. Otherwise they would soon lose out to IndiGo. Connectivity- The new LCC brand should aggressively increase the number of directly connected locations to compete with IndiGo and SpiceJet. Communications- Clear and distinct communication strategy should be developed for both brands. For example, crew attire, colours in the print ads and such visible brand elements should be distinct, to avoid brand dilution. First Class Ad1 The description of the features such as a comfortable lie-flat bed, personal wardrobe, table for two and a door (that provides privacy) is done by a voice-over, accompanied by the visuals that show the protagonist experiencing them in an imaginary place of luxury, correlating each scene with the experience inside the flight. The comfort and luxury are communicated effectively and the ad ends with a tagline- Filled with the little touches that count and a written line displaying More than 400 international flights per week. Economy Class Ad2 The features- such as more space between rows of seats, more legroom (with a special leg-rest) and a cushion for back-rest- are shown as being enjoyed on board a flight by the protagonist, while a voice-over describes each one. The ad ends with a tagline Its the little touches that go a long way and a display of the words More than 400 international flights per week. Premiere Class Ad3 The features such as wider seats and more space for passengers are shown figuratively with a widening of a sofa on which the protagonist is seated and pushing the sofa down the room to create more space between the protagonist and another person. The features of a lie-flat bed and direct aisle access from all seats are shown in an in-flight environment. The possible absence of a figurative comparison for a lie-flat be  [3]  d could be to avoid confusion with the first class ad. The ad ends with the tagline Its the little touches that make a big difference and a display of the words More than 400 international flights per week. How frequently do you travel and for what purpose? While working- once in 3 weeks; purpose was official 12-13 times per year; personal(going home vacation) Once in 4-5 months; personal Do you have any preference for specific purposes; if so, why? Official- jet (to take advantage of frequent flier); Personal- Whichever is the cheapest(except Air India) Indigo over spicejet because of timely departure and arrival; likes jetlite as well because of the same reason; doesnt prefer jet because of food (as that adds to cost) Indigo any day- both personal business; punctuality is the best What comes to your mind when we say Jet ? Logo, nothing else High price. Jet was good once upon a time; Now, Jet doesnt give value for the amount charged Nothing premium; in-flight entertainment doesnt always work; food is the only differentiating factor, but it doesnt matter to me What 3 attributes make you choose JetLite over Jet Airways? Only Price Price, Punctuality (think Jetlite is better), Newer seats Only Price What 3 attributes make you choose Jet over JetLite ? Wont prefer; cost sensitive Will chose jet over jetlite in case there is no jetlite flight in that route+ if Jet travels quicker (can accept price that is higher by a max of Rs 1000) Only if I am not paying for it Have you seen ads of Jet? Remembers Hoarding; connects to (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) ; (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) flights to NY/SA; airhostess dress color; Yes; havent seen them in recent times; doesnt remember much Not recently; Kingfishers ambush-known due to prior academic input How do you book your tickets? Online-search for yatra coupons; Book the cheapest mode Check prices through makemytrip; book through the travel agent. Doesnt trust giving the card no. in the website Cleartrip.com site only Do you know about Jets loyalty programme? Yes; registered but didnt get the card /make use of it Heard about the reward points system from other people Yes; not a member as I dont fly regularly Do you perceive any difference between JetLite JetKonnect? If so, what? No Not much; jetlite has been more punctual and more sophisticated air crew; no change in food options No

planet Of The Apes :: essays research papers

"Planet of the Apes" James Burroughs is a critic. In his article, "The Fiction of Science Fiction," he expresses his opinion that the movie, "Planet of the Apes," has no value or real meaning for society today. He says it is like other similar science fiction movies made in the 1960s because it is so out-of-date. He seems to feel the only people that would enjoy "Planet of the Apes" are people who have nothing better to do. I disagree with Mr. Burroughs. In the movie, "Planet of the Apes," humans did not possess language, and as a result were dominated by apes. The significance of language is the main reason I do not agree with Mr. Burroughs. Imagine the world if humans did not have language. Life would not be as we know it today. Consider how valuable language would have been to the mutes in the movie. When they were being chased and whipped like animals, would they not have been able to plot an escape to avoid capture and imprisonment by the apes if they had been able to communicate? Yes, they would have been free to live as equals. The apes and the humans would have been co-inhabitants of the earth rather than creatues in a superior- inferior relationship. "Planet of the Apes" is a perfect example of why language is so important. Another reason I am disputing Mr. Burrough's opinion of this movie is its strong message concerning how humans were treated by apes. When we watched "Planet of the Apes," we cannot fail to notice the mutes are treated. They were beaten, battered and bruised; they were attacked and assaulted; worst of all, they were degraded, disgraced and caged like animals. This is not how humans or animals should be treated. Animals should be revered and respected, for we are all God's creatures. Finally, I disagree with Mr. Burroughs because this movie made us think about how we may be destined for self-destruction. "Planet of the Apes" has a valuable message concerning our fate. Remember when the flower was found by the astronauts as the first sign of life on the "new" planet? Picture the "museum" and the talking human doll found in the cave. The Statue of Liberty scene had a planet Of The Apes :: essays research papers "Planet of the Apes" James Burroughs is a critic. In his article, "The Fiction of Science Fiction," he expresses his opinion that the movie, "Planet of the Apes," has no value or real meaning for society today. He says it is like other similar science fiction movies made in the 1960s because it is so out-of-date. He seems to feel the only people that would enjoy "Planet of the Apes" are people who have nothing better to do. I disagree with Mr. Burroughs. In the movie, "Planet of the Apes," humans did not possess language, and as a result were dominated by apes. The significance of language is the main reason I do not agree with Mr. Burroughs. Imagine the world if humans did not have language. Life would not be as we know it today. Consider how valuable language would have been to the mutes in the movie. When they were being chased and whipped like animals, would they not have been able to plot an escape to avoid capture and imprisonment by the apes if they had been able to communicate? Yes, they would have been free to live as equals. The apes and the humans would have been co-inhabitants of the earth rather than creatues in a superior- inferior relationship. "Planet of the Apes" is a perfect example of why language is so important. Another reason I am disputing Mr. Burrough's opinion of this movie is its strong message concerning how humans were treated by apes. When we watched "Planet of the Apes," we cannot fail to notice the mutes are treated. They were beaten, battered and bruised; they were attacked and assaulted; worst of all, they were degraded, disgraced and caged like animals. This is not how humans or animals should be treated. Animals should be revered and respected, for we are all God's creatures. Finally, I disagree with Mr. Burroughs because this movie made us think about how we may be destined for self-destruction. "Planet of the Apes" has a valuable message concerning our fate. Remember when the flower was found by the astronauts as the first sign of life on the "new" planet? Picture the "museum" and the talking human doll found in the cave. The Statue of Liberty scene had a